From Symmetry To Equivalence

Through carding the concepts of interdependence and reciprocity in international relations theory, this dissertation tries to establish a theory framework of analyzing the impacts of European debt crisis to EU-China relations. Interdependence is a common phenomena in modern international relations, of which asymmetric is an inherent attribute. However, under certain circumstances there can be a trend of symmetrization in bilateral relations, that once rules and norms have been built on it, will become a stable foundation to protect and enhance mutual benefits. Furthermore, bilateral relations can be led to a new phase of reciprocity based on these rules and regime.This dissertation evaluates the economic relations between EU and China before and after debt crisis. Before the crisis, the interdependence is asymmetric, China is more reliable to EU in many economic areas. But after the debt crisis, a sign of symmetrization can be observed in several important fields including bilateral trade, direct investments and infrastructure constructions. In this background, EU has changed its policy toward China, it has leaned to protectionism and has sought to use ’reciprocity’ to redefine EU-China relation. On the other hand, China retains its traditional position that EU-China relation is equal and reciprocal.It can be observed that ’Reciprocity’ has become a mutual target for both EU and China, yet there lies severe differences between these two parts regarding the ideas and appeals of reciprocity. Broadly speaking, EU tends to pursue specific reciprocity whereas China insists diffuse reciprocity, this dissertation discussed these divergence and pointed out that diffuse reciprocity can create a cooperative atmosphere while specific reciprocity provides a method of deterrence, since both are indispensible for a stable regime, neither type of reciprocity should be used solely, instead, they should be synthesized during the process of developing a reciprocal relation between EU and China.