Controled-Synthesis Of Micro-Nano Sulfide ES(E=Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd)

In this dissertation, PbS microtubes with quadrate cross section were prepared by the reaction of Pb(CH₃COO)₂·3H₂O and thiourea in ethanol at room temperature with the aid of ultrasound radiation; Uniform copper sulfide hollow nanospheres with narrow size distribution were obtained in high yield by reacting copper nitrate with thioacetamide in water at room temperature under the assistance of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS); ZnS with nanoflake and diamond morphology were gained in water at room temperature with the aid of SDS and CTAB respectively; CdS nanowires were obtained in water at room temperature under the assistance ofβ-cyclodextrin. the main points can be summarized as follows:1. PbS microtubes with quadrate cross section were prepared by the reaction of Pb(CH₃COO)₂·3H₂O and thiourea in ethanol at room temperature with the aid of ultrasound radiation. The average diameter of the tube is about 3μm while the length is 30μm. A three-stage growth model was proposed and it was in good agreement with the experimental results. The power of the ultrasound was found to be the key factor of the reaction.2. Uniform copper sulfide hollow nanospheres were obtained in high yield by reacting copper nitrate with thioacetamide in water at room temperature under the assistance of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The spheres (average diameter of ca. 200 nm) displayed big cavity while their surface were constructed by randomly stacked nanoflakes. SDS was found to play a key role in the synthesis process while a four-step mechanism was proposed to explain the formation of hollow nanospheres. The influence of SDS concentration on the size and shape of the product has also been investigated in detail.3. ZnS with nanoflake and diamond morphology were gained in water at room temperature with the aid of SDS and CTAB respectively. SDS and CTAB played important roles in formation of ZnS nanoparticles with nanoflake and diamond morphologies. The mechanism of formation of ZnS nanoparticles with special morphologies were properly discussed.4. CdS nanochains were obtained in water at room temperature under the assistance ofβ-cyclodextrin.β-cyclodextrin was found to be a key factor in the formation of CdS nanoehain. The mechanism of formation of CdS nanochains was properly discussed.