Human Resource Accounting Research

Rapid development of high-tech revolution has attracted the attention of many countries. Nowadays, it has pushed the expansion of competition from natural resource and capital resource to human resource. From a certain aspect, the exploitation, utilization and management of human resource became the key factor that brought significant impact to the development of society and economy. Human resource accounting is a method to manage human resource development from the value aspect. Thus, the study of human resource accounting is a significant and necessary activity.Generally, in human resource accounting, we should fully utilize the information of human resource management, apply accounting methodology, and provide cost and value information of human resource to the internal consignee and external multi-consigners of enterprise. In our country, human resource accounting is still in the initial step. However, with the growth of society and economy, it is necessary to push its development.Human resource should be treated as the enterprise's asset to manage. Since the acquisition of human resource is not free, and human resource owned by enterprises can bring economic benefits for them, it is explicit to be defined as asset.The measure method of human resource is historical cost method. Firstly, this method is based on the original records and the computation data of human resource can be obtained directly, which is easy to operate and validate. Secondly, it is consistent with traditional accounting mode and is easy for accounting staff to understand and accept, thus can satisfy the legibility of accounting information quality requirement. Thirdly, it lists all kinds of human resource related costs and is convenient for the computation of enterprise cost and profit. This can help to effectively utilize human resource. However, historical cost method in human resource accounting is different from the application in tradition accounting. For those costs related to the acquisition, utilization and development of human resource, not all the items should be treated as assets. Only those whose yield periods are more than one year should be capitalized. In fact, we should capitalize acquisition cost and development cost of human resource, while the utilization cost shouldfollow traditional accounting and be treated as current period cost and loss. Further, for those utilization costs whose one-time expenses are very large, they should be classified as b, and be computed as profit and loss by stages.In the computation system of human resource, we need to add human asset account, human asset amortization account, human asset profit and loss account, human asset acquisition cost account and human asset reduction preparation account. These accounts are used to calculate human asset increase and decrease, accumulative amortization amount, profit and loss caused by adjustment and human resource closing valuation. In this paper, we applied Lower of Book Value and Actual Value Method for human asset closing valuation. This means by evaluating human asset in the end, we need to do accounting treatment for human asset reduction and extract certain amount for reduction preparation. In addition, if increment occurs, we don't need to do accounting treatment for human asset increase, but it can be reflected in the financial report annotations.For human resource report method, three items should be added in the asset liability table. They are human asset, human asset amortization and net human asset. In cash flow table, those cash expenses related to human resource acquisition, development and training and cash income related to human resource should be listed separately.