Geochemical Study Of The Rice Development Level And Diet In Tianluoshan Site

China is a developing agricultural country of1.3billion people. Agriculture has long been considered as a stable popular support strategic industries in China. Steady development of agriculture has great significance for our country, the origin of rice, dissemination, development and other issues have been concerned by the academic community, and the development level of the rice has a closely relationship to diet.In this paper we collected Zhejiang Hemudu Tianluoshan Site series of ancient ruins excavated paddy soil and food residue samples for the study, a detailed analysis of sedimentary organic matter in hydrocarbons, fatty acids and phospholipid fatty acid, isotopic carbon and nitrogen of dietary residues composition explores the level of prehistoric rice development in the region and diet changes. The results reveal:1. According to the pollen of aquatic plants, and a large number of wildlife animals remains such as fish and turtles phenomenon, suggesting that the ancestors are still in the stage of swamp agriculture. TOC content of the peat layer is significantly higher than the plow layer, the composition of bio-organic precursors is more complexity, as a indication of a large number of plant growth after the abandoned rice fields, the decayed and formation of peat leads to organic matter content increased.2. The distribution of alkane in paddy soil organic matter reflects organic matter mainly derived from terrestrial plants, the contribution of aquatic algae is relative small, while the triterpenoids of peat layer are significantly rich, complex than the plow layer, the ecological differences may reveal the behavior of our ancestors weed farming process. Distribution of phospholipid fatty acid reveals there is a big difference of microbial community structure between the plow layer and non-tillage layer, in different time periods, may mean different degrees of human intervention, as time goes on, this intervention has increased.3. The non-emergent aquatic plants index, average chain length and algae input index, from the late Liangzhu to Hemudu late, soil organic matter of cultivated area reflected by aquatic organisms such as algae input increases, demonstrate a process of water gradually deepened. The deepening of the lake water around living area may be the direct cause of the ancient abandoned rice fields, there may even be the cause of the decline of entire site.4. Through stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen in the dietary residue from Tianluoshan, combined with animal and plant remains excavated, and collagen data, we hypothesized that prehistoric ancestors dietary sources mainly from hunting and gathering, fish and herbivores are main dietary sources, rice and fruit plants account for only a small part.In summary, the rice development of Zhejiang Hemudu culture Tianluoshan Site are still at a preliminary stage, fish and herbivores are main dietary sources, rice and fruit plants account for only a small part.