Studied On Baciliariophyta From Xingkai Lake In Heilongjiang Province

Xingkai Lake (45°01′-45°34′N-131°58′-133°07′E) is located in the eastern ofHeilongjiang Province. It is elevated to National Reserve in1999and included in thelist of wetlands of international importance in2004. Xingkai Lake is the largestfreshwater lake in Northeast Asia and it is a transboundary lake shared by the People’sRepublic of China and Russian Federation. China is accounted for a third of northernwater. This area belongs to temperate continental monsoon climate, humid and semihumid zone. It is abound in lakes and rivers, plenty of algae resource.We have carried out algae specimen collection in Xingkai Lake in June2011inquantity of habitat that swamp, wetland, pond, blisters and grass epiphytes et al.Samples were fixed in the field with4%formalin. Samples were prepared accordingto standard techniques by boiling in sulfuric acid and were mounted onto permanentslides with Naphrax. The light microscope and the scanning electron microscope ismade use of observation on specimens and taken photos.237taken have beenidentified, including205species,32varieties which belong to52genera,26families,13orders,3classes. In these species,13including10species,3varieties are newrecord in China,1belong to Gomphonemataceae, is new species. In this research,morphological characteristics of species were described. We carried out detailedhabitat information, taking digital photos with each species and taking SEM photoswith part of species.The species composition and distribution of diatom in Xingkai Lake werediscussed preliminarily. The results are as follows:1. Xingkai Lake has diversity rich diatom species, mainly of these species aregeneral freshwater widespread species, most of all is the world’s widely distributedspecies.2. Coscinodiscophyceae and Fragilariophyceae species is few, Bacillariophyceaeis many in the Bacillariophyta.3. The dominant of species is obvious. For example, Eunotia bilunaris(Ehrenberg) Schaarschmidt、 Navicula radiosa Kützing、 Pinnularia sinistraKrammer、Pinnularia subgibba var. undulate Krammer、Gomphonema acuminatumEhrenber and Gomphonema brebissonii Kützing et al. But the numbers of species isfew, mainly of species is occasional species.4. For the majority of species is tolerance in Xingkai Lake. The acidic and alkaline of species is few, but the number of acidic species is more than alkalinespecies. The number of eutrophic species is few, the oligotrophic-mesotrophy is many.There are a few endemic in some habitats. Amphipleura pellucida (Kützing) Kützingis only epiphyte to the grassroots, rocks and water wall. We also found the1taxaon ofThalassiosira P. T. Cleve, which is almost in marine species, rarely seen in freshwater.New record in China, new species and the endemic species of some habitats isincreased in diversity of diatom and provide important data to algae resourceinvestigations and ecology research in Xingkai Lake Nature Reserve of HeilongjiangProvince, also provides the basis data to our country’s algae investigation.