Research On The Effect Of Surfactants On Permeation Of Gibberellin And Iron Through Plant Cuticular

In the process of plants evolution, plants changed a lot of the morphology andphysiology to adapt the arid conditions, especially plants evolved the strong root andcuticle. It was shown that the cuticle was the fatty substance which was covered onthe outermost portion of plant, and the thickness of cuticle was about0.7~13.5μm.The main functions of cuticle are as follows: to prevent water loss, to regulate the gasexchange, to resist the invasion of pests and diseases, to weakened UV absorption, toreduce the injuries of non-biological factors, et al.Surfactant is an amphiphilic molecule that can significantly change the surfaceproperties of a solvent substance at the low concentrations. As surfactant can reducethe surface tension of the solution of plant growth regulators and foliar, plants canabsorb the active ingredients of these solutions. In this way, the effect of solutioncould be better in a relative low concentration, costs could be reduced, and theenvironment could be protected. In this study, field experiments and vitro cuticleexperiments were carried out. Here in this work, wheat, vitro apple cuticle,surfactants (TBP, DES, and DESU) and mixed surfactants were chosen as material toinvestigate the impact factors on the permeation of gibberellins (GA) and iron (Fe).Our work provided a theoretical evidence to determine the practical utilization ofsurfactants for the selection and use of surfactants. The main results of theexperiments were as follows:(1) In the field experiment, it was shown that DESU, TBP, DES and their mixedsurfactant increased significantly the absorption amount of GA by wheat. Thefavorable concentration of DESU, TBP and DES was300mg/L,60mg/L and180mg/L, respectively. Compared the absorption amount of GA with that of controlgroup1(CK1), the amount was1.70,1.53and1.50time respectively as that of controlgroup. The mixed surfactant, which was TBP60+DESU300, played a good role inpromoting the absorption of GA, and the absorption amount of GA was1.93time asthat of control group. (2) In vitro permeation experiments of GA, DESU、TBP and DES could increasethe permeation amount of GA through apple fruit cuticle. The permeation amount ofGA increased by DESU was more than that increased by DES and TBP, and theamount was5.27time as that of control group. The favorable concentration of DESUwas300mg/L. The mixed surfactant of TBP60+DESU300could affect mostly on thepermeation of GA. Compared the permeation amount of GA with that of the controlgroup, it was7.39time as that of control group.(3) In vitro permeation experiments of Fe, the mixed surfactantof TBP90+DESU250and single spice surfactant of DESU increased mostly on thepermeation amount of Fe. Compared the permeation amount of Fe with that of thecontrol group, it was5.09and4.76time respectively as that of the control group. Thefavorable concentration of DESU was250mg/L.(4) In vitro permeation experiments, it was shown that the effect of surfactantcould be influenced by temperature. The mixed surfactant could be impacted morethan the surfactant of single species by temperature.In this study, a number of important factors that could affect plants to absorbnutrients by surfactants were investigated. In this way, a new method for developingefficiently and environmentally friendly surfactants would be provided.