The Characteristics Of The Karst And Study On Its Controlling Factors In The Haizijie Area, Bijie City, Guizhou Province

Haizijie district, at a location between Ta-liangshan and Wumengshan, is a typical mountainous karst area. In this area, due to its unique geographical feature, climate characteristics and special karst geological conditions, the problems, such as drought and water shortage, water loss and soil erosion, desertification, groundwater pollution and karst waterlogging problems, become more and more serious.In this paper, we illuminated and summarized the environmental geology background(including the natural geography, stratum lithology and geological structure) and hydrogeological feature of karst water(including groundwater hydrochemical types and aquifer characteristics) based on field investigations and indoor synthetic study.Thereafter, the characteristics of karst development and regularity of karst development are summarized by analysis of the types or features of karst aquifers, karst landform, karst caves and superficial karst zone. In addition, we discussed the controlling factors of karst development based on the composition of carbonate rocks, rock structure and its combination form, topography and geomorphology, hydrochemistry and hydrodynamic conditions.The results are shown as follows:The groundwater system can be divided into three groups of aquifers. The first group, namely karst water, is composed of P2q+P2m, T1-2j1+2+3, C1-2d, T2 y +T2g +T1-2j4, O2-3sh, ?Ols, T1f2、P3c、O1t+O1h, and O3 b sediments, which including karst fissure-cavern water, cave-fracture water, karst and clastic rock fissure-cavern water and karst and clastic rock cave-fracture water. The second group, called bedrock fissure water, is made up of J1-2z、TJe、T1f1+3、P2-3e+P3l、P2l and O1-2m deposits. The third group is pore water.The carbonate rock is prevalent in our study area, which accounts for 88.74% of the total distribution area. The lithology of carbonate rock includes limestone, dolomite, and marlstone、argillaceous limestone. In limestone distribution area, the surface karst depressions, sunroof, shaft, sink, tunnel karst individual form, funnel and caves, underground river is well developed, and it’s abundant in groundwater. In dolomite distribution area, the karst depressions, sink, water tunnel and funnel of karst individual form are developed, and water yield property is medium to weak. In marlstone and argillaceous distribution area, the karst individual forms and underground river are weakly developed, and the water yield property is weak.In our study area, karst development is controlled by the lithology of carbonate rocks, rock structure and its combination form, moreover, factors of topography and geomorphology, hydrochemistry and hydrodynamic conditions also impact on the karst development.