The Fabrication And Research Of Two-dimensional Nondiffracting Photonic Lattices

Photonic lattice is a kind of artificial structure with periodic dielectric coefficient.Because of the photonic bandgap, light with certain frequencies cannot propagate in it.This feature provides a new way to route, control, and steer light and attracts a lot ofattentions. Fabrication is the premise and foundation for the study of photonic lattice.Because of the period of photonic lattice is similar with the wavelength of the light,traditional fabrication methods of photonic lattices are restricted by processcomplexity, production difficulties, high costs etc. With further research ofphotorefractive materials, optical-induced method becomes more and more popular.It is simple, low cost, and real-time. Now the fabrication of photonic lattice inphotorefractive crystal with optical-induced method has made a lot of meaningfulresults. But the methods are rely on complicated optical pathes or expensive devices.In this paper, we fabricate photonic lattice with a simple mask instead of expensivedevices.In this paper, the following several aspects works were doing:1. Briefly introduces the development and significant of photonic crystals, aswell as the research ideas of the paper.2. Asimple introduction to the basic theories and concepts involved in this paperis shown.3. The triangle lattices was optically induced in an externally biased ceriumdoped strontium barium niobate (SBN) photorefractive crystal using a mask withthree holes or six holes, respectively. Numerically, the transmittance function of theamplitude mask and its Fourier-transform function were given out instead of treatingeach hole as a simple point source. Experimentally, the differences between the two lattices were analyze by phase distribution, far-field diffraction pattern, Brillouin-zonespectroscopy.And the three-dimensional (3D) images by computer simulation are alsoused to study their differences. In addition, the anisotropy lattices are presented bydesigning the amplitude mask properly.3. We fabricate honeycomb and related photonic lattices in a nonlinear crystalwith a simple method that is based on the optical Fourier transformation through anamplitude mask (six-hole aperture) superimposed with a phase mask (three tilted glassplates). Compared with using the spatial light modulator, our method is cost-effectiveand easy to control for almost every one. Numerically, we use the transmittancefunction to describe the amplitude mask instead of treating each hole as a simple pointsource and give out the field distribution function of the honeycomb lattice beam.Experimentally, the induced lattice structure is examined by the Brillouin zonespectroscopy and the far-field diffraction pattern, as well as by monitoring the linearand nonlinear propagation of a probe beam. In addition to the honeycomb, vortex, andKagome lattices, we illustrate the phase conditions for optical induction ofmolybdenum disulfide-like photonic lattices for the first time. Our approach can beeasily extended to generate more complex microstructures by designing the amplitudeand phase mask properly, promising a convenient way to establish a photonicplatform for various applications.