Systematic Studies On Alopecurus

Alopecurus belongs to Gramineae, and it is annual or perennial herbaceous.There are nearly fifty species in the world which are d istributed in the northernhemisphere boreal and eight species grows in China. A spark debate exists in thesystematic position of Alopecurus for a long time.In order to further explore the systematic position of Alopecurus. We carry outexperiments from both morphological and molecular. In this paper, in the aspect ofmorphology, we use scanning electron microscope to scan the leaf epidermis ofAlopecurus and its related genera, at the same time, their caryopsis morphology areobserved. In the aspect of molecular, according to ITS sequence of nuclear genomeand psbA-trnH sequence of Chloroplast genome, we construct phylogenetic tree.After all, the relation of phylogenetic analysis is carried out. In our paper, theGramineae division of data of experiments is based on “Flora of China”.In this paper, we scan the leaves under epidermis of Alopecurus and its relatedgenera about27species which represent23genera using optical microscope andscanning electron microscope. We use optical microscope and scanning electronmicroscope to scan the leaves under epidermis of Alopecurus and its related generaabout27species which represent23genera. The result shows that the leaves ofGramineae can be divided into four major types and two subtypes according to leafepidermal morphology. Type Ⅰ includes Alopecurus, Beckmannia, Aniselytron,Poa， Puccinellia, Festuca, Bromus, Avena, Triticum, Agrostis, Deyeuxia,Calamagrostis, Polypogon and Phalaris. It corresponds to the Pooideae, MeantimetypeⅠis divided into two subtypes: subtype1includes Alopecurus, Beckmannia,Aniselytron, Poa、 Puccinellia and Festuca, and subtype2includes Avena, Bromus,Triticum, Agrostis、 Deyeuxia, Calamagrostis, Polypogon and Phalaris.Type Ⅱincludes Sporobolus、Chloris and Eragrostis. It corresponds to the Eragrostoideae.Type Ⅲ includes Oryza and Leersia. It corresponds to the Oryzoideae.TypeⅣ includes Arundinella、 Echinochloa, Arthraxon and Isachne, and it corresponds tothe Panicodae. Alopecurus, Poa, Beckmannia, Puccinellia and Festuca belong to thesame sub-types, we hold that Alopecurus should be attributed to the Poeae of thePooideae.We also observe the fruit morphology of Alopecurus and related genera about35species which represent20genera. The result shows that according to themorphological characteristics of the fruit, the fruit of type can be divided into fivesub-types and three types. TypeⅠincludes Alopecurus, Poa, Beckmannia, Bromus、Phalaris, Avena, Agrostis, Triticum, Deyeuxia, Puccinellia and Polypogon. Itcorresponds to the Pooideae. Meantime type Ⅰ is divided into three subtypes:subtype1includes Alopecurus, Poa, Puccinellia, Beckmannia; subtype2includesBromus, Triticum and Avena; subtype3includes Phalaris, Deyeuxia, Agrostis andPolypogon. TypeⅡincludes Eragrostis, Sporobolus, Muhlenbergia, Chloris, Zoysia,Arundinella, Panicum, and it corresponds to the Eragrostoideae and Panicodae.Meantime typeⅡis divided into two subtypes: subtype4includes Eragrostis；subtype5includes Sporobolus、Muhlenbergia, Chloris, Zoysia, Arundinella andPanicum. Type Ⅲ includes Phragmites and Oryza, and it corresponds to theOryzoideae and Arundinoideae. Alopecurus belongs to the same sub-types asBeckmannia and Poa. We maintain that Alopecurus should be attributed to thePoeae.We study Alopecurus and related genera about34species which represent24genera on the aspects of molecular systematics. Due to ITS sequence of nucleargenome and psbA-trnH sequence of Chloroplast genome, we construct phylogenetictree and analyze it with NJ. The result shows that Alopecurus, Stipa, Achnatherum、Triticum, Beckmannia, Alopecurus, Puccinellia, Phalaris, Avena, Calamagrost,Bromus、 Deyeuxia and Agrostis hold together. It corresponds to Pooideae.Alopecurus has a close relationship with Poa, Beckmannia and Puccinellia. We holdAlopecurus should be attributed to the Poeae. At the same time, Alopecurus andBeckmannia are mutually sister group which support Beckmannia also belongs toPoeae.