Comparative Embryology Between Seeds Of Paris L. And Trillium L

Paris L. and Trillium L. are two of three genera of Trilliaceae Lindl., and their stems can be used as a medicins with high medicinal value. So far, the two genera were assessed as the protected species in our country.In this paper, we studied the seed embryology of the Poris(Par is polyphylla Smith. var. chinesis (Franch.) Hara and Paris thibetica Franch. var. thibetica) Trillium L.(Trillium tschonoskii Maxim) and compared their structure by Paraffin Section Technique. The main purpose of this study is to clarify t similarities and differences between their seeds and structure of embryo, especially on three main:(1) to prove the homology of the seed between Paris L. and Trillium L.;(2) to clarify the seeds embryonic structure research materials of the Paris L. and the Trillium L.;(3) establishing scientific and reasonable for the Trilliaceae protection measure provide embryology basis. The results and conclusions are as follows:1. The embryological features of the Paris polyphylla var. Chinese (Franch) Hara: there are three layers of cells, the innermost one was keratinized, the other two layers have8layers in the micropyle and hilum. Endosperm cells show scattering pattern from the endosperm central to all around, and contain starch granule. The hilum closely connected with the nucellus tissue, and the nucellus tissue pressed by endosperm cells. A part of nucellus cells disappear and presented a hole. There are some annular tubes in the hilum. The development of embryo:globular stage, heart stage, torpedo stage and cotyledon stage.2. The embryological features of the Paris thibetica Franch. var. thibetica:the seed coats include inner seed coat and outer seed coat. The outer coat is keratinized, consisting of two layer of cells with keratinized; the inner seed coat includings only one layer of cell containing3to6layers at the micropale and hilum. The endosperm cells show scattering pattern from central, and contain starch granule. Some nucellus cells broken. There are some annular tubes in the hilum. Embryo includes heart stage and torpedo stage were observed.3. The embryological features of the Trillium tschonoskii Maxim:there are three layers of cells, the innermost layer is keratinized, the other two layers increasing3to6layers at the micropyle and hilum. The cell lineage is not neat with starch granule and many big cells in the central with small nuclear about endosperm. However, many small endosperm cells arrange closely with big nuclear in the micropyle and the chalaza. There are some annular tubes in the hilum. Embryo includes proembryo and globular stage were observed.4. Comparing and analyzing the development of the Paris(Paris polyphylla var. Chinese (Franch) Hara and Paris thibetica Franch. var. thibetica and Trillium L.(Trillium tschonoskii Maxim), the results showed that:the origin of seed coat structure is similar between the Paris L. and the Trillium L.. The shape of the seed coat cell is flat, packed tignly and closly; the seed coat cells keratinized to different degrees; the layers of cells increased in the micropyle and hilum in the two species. In general, the structure of the the Paris L. and the Trillium L. are similar in endosperm. The endosperm cells are close and contain lots of starch granule. The nucellus tissue cells disintegration, and have some annular tubes in the hilum. The structure of the embryo is same. Embryo is lated in the endosperm cells of the micropyle, and occupies a small area in seeds. The top of the embryo cell proliferation extend in the direction of the chalaza, at the bottom of the embryo cell proliferation extend in the direction of the micropyle, and produce radicle.