Polarization Manipulation And Device Design Via Shortcuts To Adiabaticity

Those micro-nano optical devices, including polarization retarder, rotator and splitter, have attracted extensively attention with applications in preparation and manipulation of polarization which have become a hot area of research in optical communication and integrated optics. However, these devices face the following issues, such as low conversion efficiency of output polarization, instability due to perturbations, and difficulty of miniaturization and integration because of the large volume of the optical components. Therefore, it has theoretical and practical significance to study how to realize the polarizing devices with small size and robustness. In this thesis, based on the analogy between quantum mechanics and wave optics, applying the shortcuts to adiabaticity in quantum optics, we design the new optical polarizing devices to reduce the size of devices, and realize the efficient preparation and manipulation of polarization states. In addition, with respect to systematical errors and perturbations, the optimal design is also performed. The main results are as follow:Firstly, based on the optical activity and birefringence of crystals, we propose polarization retarders with small size and high polarization conversion efficiency by using transitionless quantum driving. With quantum optical analogy, the auxiliary action is designed by using transitionless quantum driving to reduce the size of devices. Applying the unitary transformation, finally we obtain the protocols for variables and realize the small-size polarization devices with high fidelity.Secondly, with the inverse-engineering approach based on Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant theory, efficient polarization rotators in periodically poled lithium niobate are studied. The fast control of arbitrary polarization states in these devices is realized with electric field and period of crystal, designed by the inverse-engineering approach.And combining the time-perturbation theory, the optimal protocols are designed with respect to wavelength and electric field errors to improve the robustness of devices. Inaddition, applying the inverse-engineering approach with single variable to design electric field only, we propose an alternative polarization rotators in periodically poled lithium niobate which is easy to perform experimentally.