| Silver Pheasant (Lohpura nycthemera), a forest dweller species, distributed in the southern provinces of China, is listed in the second gradenationally protected animals of China. Because of its large type and beautiful feathers, it had suffered the threat of disorderly hunting for a long term. Combined with the habitat damage seriously, the population of silver pheasant reducing gradually. So, we need carry out the protection and research work. From January 2013 to January 2014, the studies on seasonal change of silver pheasant’s habitat selection, its winter cluster behavior and diurnal rhythm were launched in Jiu Long Jiang national forest park, in Chenzhou of Hunan province. Through the four seasons investigation and the data analyze of various statistical, we obtain the results as follow:In spring, in the aspect of terrain, the slope range of<15° and 31～45° were preferred. Be random selectionin in slope position and prefer sunny slope. In the aspect of human disturbance, the slight disturbance habitat was preferred. In the aspect of vegetation type, the bamboo forest was preferred. In the matter of vegetation structure, it’s larger influenced by herbaceous structure. In the matter of food resource, the habitat which full of food was preferred. The habitat resources select function of spring:Logistic(P)=-1.862-19.222×Herb average height+2.998 X Fruits abundance+0.297 X Invertebrateabundance, the correct prediction rate was 88.5%. Spring habitat selection results mainly from food sources, breeding habitat requirements and abundant rainfall.In summer, in the aspect of terrain, the slope range of 31°～45° and 15°～30° were preferred. Be random selectionin in slope position and do not prefer shade slope. In the aspect of human disturbance, the tolerance is relatively stronger than spring, but still prefer the slight disturbance habitat. In the aspect of vegetation type, the bamboo broadleaved forest was not preferred; the other types were random selection. In the matter of vegetation structure, it’s larger influenced by the structure of tree layer and shrub layer. In the matter of food resource, the habitat which full of food was preferred. The habitat resources select function of summer:Logistic(P)= 15.688+0.059 X Tree coverage+0.320 X Invertebrateabundance +6.112 X Plant food abundance, the correct prediction rate was 92.5%. Summer habitat selection results mainly from the breeding stage habitat needs and food sources.In autumn, in the aspect of terrain, the slope range of 15°～30° and 31°～45° were preferred. Be random selection in slope position and preferred semi-sunny slope and semi-cloudy slope. In the aspect of human disturbance, the tolerance is relatively stronger than spring and summer. In the aspect of vegetation type, the ever green deciduous broad leaved forest, bamboo forest and bamboo broad leaved forest were preferred. In the matter of vegetation structure, it’s larger influenced by the structure of tree layer and shrub layer. In the matter of food resource, the habitat which full of food was preferred. The habitat resources select function of autumn:Logistic(P)=-12.059+3.033 X Fruits abundance+0.491 X Invertebrate abundance, the correct prediction rate was 93.8%. Autumn habitat selection results mainly from food sources and shelter.In winter, in the aspect of terrain, the slope range of<15° was preferred. In the aspect of slope position, the lower slope was preferred. In the aspect of slope aspect, the sunny slope was not preferred and the other were random selection. In the aspect of human disturbance, the tolerance is highest in four seasons. In the aspect of vegetation type, the ever green deciduous broad leaved forest and bamboo broad leaved forest were preferred. In the matter of vegetation structure, it’s much more influenced by the structure of tree layer and also influenced by the structure of shrub layer to some extent. In the matter of food resource, it would selected the habitat had much more fruit and plant food. The discriminant function equation to distinguish the utilized samples and contrast samples:F=1.243×Fruits abundance+0.980 X Plant food abundance+0.885×Altitude+0.731×Proportion of bareness+0.481×Shrub coverage, the correct prediction rate was 100%. Autumn habitat selection results mainly from the upper vegetation and food availability.In the matter of seasonal change of the aspect of terrain, the rather flat habitat was preferred. In the aspect of slope position, the lower slope was preferred in winter but random selection in the other seasons. In the aspect of slope aspect, there had significant seasonal differences, mainly relate to the impact of temperature and vegetation growth. In the aspect of human disturbance, the tolerance is gradually increasing with seasonal change. In the aspect of vegetation type, except bamboo forest was prefered in spring, the rest season mainly choose evergreen deciduous broad leaved forest. In the matter of vegetation structure, except influenced by herb layer structure greatly in spring, the rest season was mainly affected by tree layer and shrub layer structure. On food resources, except the low abundance of invertebrates in winter, it always chose the habitat which had highly food abundance. The water almost had no effect in four seasons. The factors to distinguish four seasons habitat were plant food abundance, tree average height, tree coverage, number of shrub species, invertebrate abundance, numbers of trees; the correct prediction rate was 77.39%. The different select of different seasons are mainly weighed the two factors: food and safety.The basic activity rule and group state of silver pheasant:activity peak intensity appeared in 8:00～9:00 and 11:00. The lowest activity appeared in 16:00～06:00. Classified the 20 times shoot as 7 groups, there are 2 single female,2 female groups,3 mixture groups. In the aspect of group state, didn’t find single male and pure male group, so that, the silver pheasant usually action by mix group or pure female group. |
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