Photon-number Resolving Detection Of Non-classical State

In recent years, with the development of quantum information technology, the single-photon source has been one of the key concerns of quantum information science. Fock state photon number distribution has a tendency to equal distribution in the time domain. Direct observation of one photon state distribution with a single-photon source has very important significance for understanding the quantum mechanical characteristics of Fock states. Photon number resolving detector will have broad application prospects in the long-distance laser ranging, spectroscopy and ultrafast quantum communication.In this thesis, the goal is a direct observation of nonclassical states photon number distribution with a multi-pixel photon counter photon number resolving detector. The main experimental results are as follows:(1) MPPC detector calibration. Respectively, we used a standard calibration method based on detector modeling and an experimental calibration method based on quantum detector tomography to dis cribe the quantum properties of MPPC detector. We verified that it had good detection performance on one photon state detection. For standard calibration method, we considered the structure of the detector itself, detection efficiency and noise. Based on these parameters, we built a model of the MPPC detector and got the theoretical positive operator value measurement (POVM) and Wigner function. In addition, the one based on quantum detector tomography was used to obtain experimental quantum detector performance.(2) Based on scanning confocal microscope system, we used a multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC) with good quantum detective properties to measure the photon number distribution of a single photon state. We did the correction of the introduction of dark count, crosstalk and after-pulse influence. We used a nitrogen-vacancy color center within nanodiamonds as a single photon source, and we obtained its photon number distribution. We also detected the photon number distribution of a coherent light source for comparison. Experimental results showed that compared to coherent light sources, the photon number distribution of single photon source showed significant non-classical properties, consistent with experimental expectations.In summary, we use the MPPC to obtain the photon number distribution of nonclassical state. We calibrated the MPPC detector with both modeling and experiment, and got its POVM and Wigner function. Then, we used this quantum detector to witness the nonclassical state photon-number distribution.