Winter Diet Analysis For The Wolverine(Gulo Gulo) In The Great Khingan Mountains Area

This study used between December 2013 and January 2015 in winter in heilongjiang double river national nature reserve (124°52’ 48～125°32’ 03 "E",52 °54 ’25～53° 54’08 "N") by tracking a wolverine acquisition footprint chain of 26 a wolverine fecal samples, as the wolverine winter feeding study sample, with feces microscopy analysis, the preliminary identification of wolverine food types, and successfully extracted by fecal DNA analysis of feces of mtDNA in hair 26 as the analysis sample, application of specific mtDNA selected 7 primers to gene sequencing of wolverine feces samples, combined with GenBank download sequence data, through the analysis of the measured in the stool of mtDNA sequences confirm food types, with a ratio and relative proportion method to analyze a wolverine attitudes, obtain the following main results and conclusions:Shuanghe in Heilongjiang Province State-level nature reserve of Wolverines in winter feeding studies have shown that roe deer, red deer, rabbit, moose, Wolverine is an important winter food source, also Wolverine food. Rodents, Sable and Wolverine available food source in winter.1) Result of fecal microscopic analysis:Fecal microscopic analysis of The Percent Frequency of Occurrence:Capreolus pygargus 57.58%, Lepus timidus 24.24%, Rodents 18.18%; The Relative Frequency of Occurrence: Capreolus pygargus 73.08%, Lepus timidus 30.88%,Rodents 23.08%. The Wolverines in winter are not found the feces of the birds’beaks, claws, feathers and other remains.2) Result of fecal DNA analysisFaecal DNA analysis of The Percent Frequency of Occurrence:Lepus timidus 24.32%, Capreolus pygargus 21.62%, Cervus elaphus 18.92%, Alces alces 16.22%, Cervus Nippon 8.11%, Rodents 8.11%, Martes zibellina 2.70%; The Relative Frequency of Occurrence:Lepus timidus 69.23%, Capreolus pygargus 61.54%, Cervus elaphus 53.85%, Alces alces 46.15%, Cervus elaphus 18.92%, Rodents 23.08%, Martes zibellina 7.69%. Microstructure technology to identification of the deer family, based on the results of DNA sequencing in GenBank published the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the deer family, built the adjacent method detection of DNA sequence and deer in phylogenetic trees. Results show that feeding deer family includes:Capreolus pygargus、Cervus Nippon、Cervus elaphus and Alces alces.3) Fecal microscopic analysis and fecal DNA analysis each have advantages and disadvantages:Fecal microscopic analysis can be based on modern microhistology techniques to identify waste residue, but this method is through the collection and species identification is questioned by some scholars to the naked eye; Fecal DNA analysis can be digested to identify species, and to identify the food kind, can make up for microscopic analysis method can’t identify the species of excrement and urine, but the DNA degradation, mismatch phenomenon, reduces the accuracy of the appraisal result.