| Tupaia belangeri(Scadentia,Tupaiidae) is a kind of unique Oriental tropical small mammal. We collected 8 populations(including 94 individuals) from different areas in Yunnanto fully understand the genetic diversity, structural relationship between populations, and the present situation of protecting local varieties of Tupaia belangeri genetic resources.In this study, microsatellite marker, partial sequences of mitochondria DNA D-loop region and skull morphology were used to study of genetic diversity in tree shrew.There were three parts included in this paper:1. Study of genetic diversity and phylogenetic evolution based on microsatellite in Tupaia belangeri.The results of F-statistic analysis showed that Fis value(fixation indices of individuals relative to its subpopulation) of 8 populations was-0.1748 whichindicated that heterozygote excess occured within populations. The mean value of Fst(The fixation indices of subpopulation relative to the total population) was 0.1594 whichindicated that 84.06% of the variation was detected within populations. Value of Nm among the populations was between 1.0264 and 25.3458.The clustering analysis of 8 populations was using Soft Structure 2.2, Principal component analysis and based on standard genetic distance, the result showed that Pianma population clustered into a single clade only; Kunming population and Chuxiong populationas a group; Dali population and Lijiang population joined as a group; Jingdong population, Pu’er population and Mengla population, there are spme differences in the relationship between the clustering of three software.2. Study of genetic diversity and phylogenetic evolution based on mitochondrial DNA control region(CR, D-loop) in Tupaia belangeri.Tree shrews populations had 51 haplotypes, 47 haplotypes was populationspecific haplotypes. Haplotype diversity in 8 pulations was 0.756-1.000, Average number of nucleotide differences variation was 2.167-5.764. Result indicated that the genetic diversity of Tupaia belangeri was very abundant in Yunnan. NJ tree of Tupaia belangeri analysis showed that there were 2 lineages including population of Pianma and the others, the latter including lineage A, B, C, D.The tree shrews nucleotide mismatches in 8populations exhibited a bimodal distribution curve wave, which indicated that tree shrews population experienced two major expansions.3. Pilot study of Tupaia belangeri based on morphometrics of the skull in 8 areas of Yunnan.By principal components analysis and discriminant analysis, the result shown that the morphological characteristics of ventral cranium and mandibular lateral had more efficient for differentiating animals in Yunnan. Using thin plate spline analysis, showed thatsignificant morphological differentiations were shown for eye socket, nose bone and molars, which might reflect adaptation to climate and environment. Multidimensional scaling analysis, it was shown that the morphological characteristics of skulls about the 8 population in Yunnan, which may be related to the longitude and latitude. In conclusion, it had produced a certain degree of variation in the morphological characteristics of the skulls and mandibles of Tupai belangeri in Yunnan province, this might correlate to the ecological adaptation.Conclusion:Result indicated that the genetic diversity of Tupaia belangeri was very abundant in Yunnan. Classification populations was generally consistent with morphology results of previous studies, which could speculate that tree shrew diffusion in Yunnan may have two origins.Tree shres was a new animal model, so we could consider Chuxiong population and Lijiang population as experimental strain. Meanwhile, portions of sensing the external environment and chewing showed great differences,which reflected adaptive variation to different ecological environment. |
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