| We studied the nominate subspecies Lanius isabellinus isabellinus which distributes the desert area in the northwest of Gansu Province from 2010 to 2014. We tested the relationship between egg size and clutch size, egg size and laying order as well as influence factors to egg size(eg. Parents body condition and environment). Using ANOVA to analyze the egg size variance with clutch size and laying order after standardizing egg size. The results shows that there is neither signif icant difference between egg size and clutch size(df=3, F=2.253, P=0.089), nor egg size and laying order(df=4, F=0.001, P=1.00). That is, there is no balance between egg size and clutch size or egg size and laying order. Furth more, we also researched the ambient environment(air temperature and air humidity) inf luence of egg size and clutch size by Generalized Linear Mixed Models(GLMM). It indicates that the air temperature and air humidity have signif icant effect of egg size and clutch size(P<0.05), respectively.It is observed that sexual dimorphism in Lanius isabellinus. We analyzed the different body condition of male and female, such as body condition index, body mass, tarsus, wing and so on, by independent-samples T test. It indicated that female body condition index more much than male(t=5.22, df=61.4, P<0.001). The male transocular stripe size has signif icant positive correlation with its body condition index(n=35, t=2.212, P=0.036), egg size and clutch size(n=47, t= 4.439, P<0.001 and n=47, t=2.268, P=0.03). But it is no significant positive correlation with hatching rate and fledging rate. What’s more, we analyzed the effect of parents body condition on reproductive performance(egg size, clutch size, hatching rate and fledging rate), which indicated that both male and female body condition index have signif icant positive effect on egg size(n=35, t=2.554, P=0.018 and n=39, t=4.407, P<0.001). Male body condition index has significant positive effect on clutch size, hatching rate and fledging rate(n=39, t=4.073, P<0.001; n=39, t=5.11, P<0.001; n=39, t=4.037, P=0.001). Female body condition index, however, has not performance to clutch size, hatching rate and fledging rate as same as male. We can conclude that female will increase the reproductive investment when paired with an attractive mate(transocular stripe size) because attractive mates would be of higher quality, investing more in parental care or transmitting better genes to descendants.Extra-pair copulation(EPC) exists in the avian especially in the passerine. We found 15 loci from corresponding literature of Lanius ludovicianus to pre-experiment, and choose 6 loci that performance more allele polymorphism to experiment. Cervus 3.0 was used to analyze gene data from 2012 to 2014, which indicated that the average rate of Extra-pair paternity(EPP) nests and EPP offspring were 4.75% and 1.37%, respectively. The rate of EPP nests and EPP offspring were 5.56%(1/18) and 1.33%(1/75) in 2012. There is no EPP in 2013. The rate of EPP nests and EPP offspring were 8.70%(2/23) and 2.78%(2/72) in 2014. We suppose that a low level of EPP present in the population of Lanius isabellinus. |
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