Preparation Of Two-dimensional Porous Carbon-based Composites By Graphene-templated Method And Study Of Their Applications

Porous materials, possessing many intriguing properties andapplications, play an important role in the materials research field. Withthe advance in science and technology, porous materials have an extensiveapplication, such as environmental protection, communication, medicine,energy, catalysis, aeronautics and astronautics, and other fields. Sincegraphene, a carbonaceous material with the single layer consisting ofcarbon atoms, was found, graphene and graphene-based novel compositeshave attracted tremendous attention in recent years. In this paper, due tothe two-dimensional structure and carbonaceous property, graphene wassynchronously used as the two-dimensional template and carbon substrateto prepare two-dimensional porous carbon-based composites. Moreover,properties of the received materials were enhanced via utiliting the highspecific surface area and conductivity of graphene. The details areexhibited as follows:(1) Graphene oxide, used as the template, was modified by the aminogroup, then further functionalized by the trithiocarbonate typemacro-chain-transfer agent. According to RAFT emulsion polymerization,porous polymer was grafted to graphene surface. The two-dimensionalporous polymer with a high specific surface area was receieved, thenfurther studied in gas storage, such as hydrogen and carbon dioxide;(2) Reduced graphene oxide was used as the template. Graphenecarbanions were prepared and used as initiators for the anionicpolymerization of acrylonitrile on a graphene surface, receiving two-dimensional polyacrylonitrile brush (polyacrylonitrile-graftedgraphene). Then the composites were carbonized at different hightemperatures, obtaining two-dimensional nitrogen-doped porous carbonmaterials with a high electrochemical catalytic activity.(3) Reportedly, polyacrylonitrile and sulfur could cause acrosslinking reaction at300°C, promoting the cyclization ofpolyacrylonitrile. According to explorations, we found that thecrosslinking product from polyacryontrile and sulfur was furthercarbonized under a high temperature to obtain nitrogen/sulfur co-dopedporous carbon materias. On this basis, with the same heating treatmentprocess, the graphene-polyacrylonitrile composites, obtained via theabove-mentioned anionic polymerization method, were mixed with sulfurto prepare two-dimensional nitrogen/sulfur co-doped porous carbonmaterials. Then their application in electrochemical catalysis was furtherstudied.