Research On Synthesis Of Carbon Nanomaterials By Gaseous Detonation Technique

Since the discovery of fullerenes in nineteen eighties, carbon nanotubes, carbon-encapsulated nanomaterials, graphene, carbon nanomaterials were found on after another, the carbon nanomaterials has become the focus of attention of the scientific community. As a basic technology of nanomaterial, the preparation method of nanomaterial is always the research focus of researchers. Because of its advantages like fast speed, easy to control and the purity of products, the Gaseous Detonation Technique achieves some good results in the synthetic of nano oxide, carbon nanomaterials and so on, and is a new technology of synthetic nanomaterials today. From the aspects of theoretical calculation and experimental analysis, this article studies how to make use of Gaseous Detonation Technique to the synthesis of carbon nanoparticles, carbon encapsulated iron/iron carbide nanoparticles, carbon nano fibers, graphite/graphene layer of the carbon nano materials.In order to analyze the feasibility of Gaseous Detonation Technique’s synthesis of carbon nanomaterials, this article first discusses the necessary conditions of the formation of gaseous detonation. And then, through the numerical calculation, analyses the equilibrium distribution of zone of the detonation’s chemical reaction, and establishes chemical equation of the explosive changes. The calculation results show that the explosion, with benzene and oxygen, only under certain conditions, can generate a large number of free carbon. Temperature has a significant effect on the explosion products, while the pressure has little influence.Finally, we calculated the detonation parameters of benzene and oxygen, the results showed that in the given conditions, the detonation can be formed.Next, through the explosion with benzene and oxygen, explosion with oxygen and hydrogen method to pyrolyse of benzene and toluene, we synthesized carbon nanomaterials. The results show that, in the experiments with benzene and oxygen as the explosive source, we synthesized spherical carbon nanoparticles, its main ingredient is amorphous carbon and micro structure is uncontrolled growth of graphite and a small amount of onion like fullerenes. In the experiments with hydrogen and oxygen explosion to pyrolysis benzene and toluene, we synthesized spherical, rodlike and clastic carbon nanoparticles, their major components are graphitized amorphous carbon.Finally, by using benzene, oxygen and a small amount of ferrocene to arrange the gaseous detonation and adjusting the proportion of reaction gas, we synthesized carbon encapsulated iron/iron carbide nanoparticles, carbon nanofibers, graphite/graphene layer of the carbon nanomaterials. The synthesized carbon-encapsulated nanomaterials are dispersed evenly, scales well, covering structure of ideal, carbon nanofibers with diameters in the1-20nm, length up to several micrometers, thin graphite/graphene layers in a five to twenty layer around the magnitude, area of100x100nm2. In addition, the initial ratio of reaction gas greatly affects the size and structure of carbon-encapsulated nanomaterials, while the carbon nano fibers and thin graphite can only be produced at certain initial proportion.