Studies On Air Microbial Community Structure At Urban Streets And Wetland In Qingdao

Atmospheric environment is dry, poor nutrition, high radiation and diffusion ability etc., so it is not suitable for microbial growth and reproduction.But research showsthat there is not only existing a certain number of microorganisms in the air, but theyhave active metabolic.Air microorganisms are attached to the dust particles mainly toform biological aerosols, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, and other smallanimals and plants.Biological aerosols can spread or produce allergens and toxins, which leads to human suffering from respiratory diseases, allergic reactions, infectious diseases, etc. Besides, biological aerosols can be used as biological aerosols ice cores and cloud condensation nuclei, which result in the formation of cloud droplets and ice crystals, and thus affect the global climate indirectly. It is of great significance for urbanenvironment, human health and crop hamper to study air microbial community structure in different ecological system.The research method of air microorganisms including the traditional culturemethod and non culture method, although the traditional culture method is fast andeffective,they can notfully reflect the information of air microbial communitystructure. Non culture methods mainly including molecular biology method based onthe technology of PCR, single carbon source utilization and fluorescence in situhybridization can effectively avoid this drawback.In order to determine the form of aerosol in artificial wetlands, airborne microbeswere collected by SAS ISO100in the four seasons of2013~2014; This paper haveanalyzed the community structure of airborne microbes in Qingdao’s street andartificial wetlands, using the16S/18S rDNA gene clone library method respectivelyby the KC-6120air sampler; Using the real-time PCR to determine the amount of Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus in samples of Qingdao (wetlands,urban streets). The results were as below:(1) The analytic result of by SEM shows aerosol particles conclude Fungal conid-ia, bacteria, mycelium, crystalline, Inorganic salt crystallization, pollen, small fragm-ents of plant and epicuticular wax, and the concentration and composition of Biologi-cal aerosol in Qingdao’s artificial wetlands in different seasons were affected by envi-ronmental factors greatly,and there is a certain seasonal difference.（2）Clone library could more factually reflect microbial community structureof environmental samples. Comparing the clones sequence in the NCBI, it wasshowed that some bacteria, fungi had not yet been cultured, classified, andidentificated in urban street, artificial wetlands.（3）The construction of dominanted clones in the clone library of urban streetsand artificial wetland have seasonal differences and regional differences. Dominantgenera of airborne bacteria in Qingdao’s street in autumn which similarity greater than93%included Acinetobacter (39.74%), Sphingomonas (8.77%) and Staphylococcus(11.26%). Dominant genera of airborne bacteria in Qingdao’s street in winterincluded Planomicrobium (17.48%), Arcobacter (9.79%) and Massilia (8.39%).Dominant genera of airborne bacteria in Qingdao’s artificial wetlands in autumnincluded Massilia (31.57%), Sphingomonas (8.77%) and Novosphingobium (7.89%).Dominant genera of airborne bacteria in Qingdao’s artificial wetlands in winterincluded Massilia (25.17%),Sphingomonas (9.09%) and Flavobacterium (7.69%).Dominant genera of airborne fungi in Qingdao’s street in autumn includedPyrenophora (76.54%) and Xylaria (13.58%). Dominant genera of airborne fungiin Qingdao’s street in winter included Pyrenophora (50.88%), Xylaria (14.04%)andFusarium (12.28%). Dominant genera of airborne fungi in Qingdao’s artificialwetlands in autumn included Pyrenophora (22.62%), Bombardia (29.76%)、 Cheilymenia stercorea (23.81%) and Grifora (19.05%). Dominant genera of airbornefungi in Qingdao’s artificial wetlands in winter included Pleosporineae (87.78%)and Mortierella (5.56%).（4）In different functional regions of the same city, airborne microbialcommunity, conditional pathogenic microorganisms, and pathogens all had seasonaland regional differences.There are Acinetobacter (25.17%), Staphylococcus (11.26%)in the air microorganism of Qingdao’s street in autumn; There are Streptococcusinfantarius (1.14%), Staphylococcus(1.14%), Acinetobacter(4.22%)andXanthomonas oryzae (5.63%) in the air microorganism of Qingdao’s street in winter;There are Pseudomonas mallei (1.75%), Xanthomonas oryzae (0.88%) andStreptococcus infantarius in the air microorganism of Qingdao’s artificial wetlands inautumn(0.88%); There are Xanthomonas oryzae(7.80%) and Staphylococcus(2.84%).（5）Concentration of Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus in theair microorganism of Qingdao’s artificial wetlands and street have seasonal differences and regional differences.