Comprehensive Development And Utilization Of Silver Carp Head

Aquaculture amount of China ranks first in the world．A farmed aquatic productof China was43.03million tons, accounting for65.7percent of global productionof farmed fish in2012．With the development of food processing technology，aquatic products processing capabilities of China continue to increase， but itproduce a lot of waste, such as the fish head, fish bones， and skin and soon．Currently，most of the fish processing enterprises will waste discarded orprocessed fish feed and other low-value-added products，which not only resulted ina waste of resources，but also pollutes the environment．The topic mainly usedsilver carp head as raw materials，first of all，taking advantage of biological enzymeengineering technology to extract the head of the fish oil and refining；Secondly，the remaining fish bone decalcify，prepare high quality fish collagen peptide，andadd another source of calcium and collagen polypeptide prepared by mixingcollagen polypeptide chelated calcium；Finally，the collagen polypeptide chelatedcalcium has a structural characterization and role in promoting cell growth test．Fish oil was extracted with Neutral protease，used silver carp head as rawmaterial of the test，and used fish oil extraction rate as indexes．The effect ofenzymatic extraction process was researched by single factor experiment and had aorthogonal experiments．The results showed that fish oil extracted optimum processconditions for Solid-liquid ratio of1：l.5(m：m)，enzymolysis time for3h，enzymedosage1.5%, hydrolysis temperature45℃，pH value of7.0．On this condition, theextraction rate of crude fish oil is74.8%． Crude oil had a degumming，deacidification，bleaching and deodorizing，and then got refined fish oil，andmeasured its saponification value，peroxide value，acid value，iodine value wasrespectively188.22mg KOH/kg，5.26mmol/kg，130.31g/100g，3.27mg KOH/g，refined fish oil is light yellow in color，clarifying translucent．The fishy smell isweak. Content of DHA+EPA of the refined fish measured by gas chromatographyis4.57%．This test use silver carp fish bone and Hydrochloric acid as raw material，calciumremoval rate and protein recovery rate as indexes，research and optimize theremoval technology of calcium in fish bones.Investigated temperature，concentra-tion of hydrochloric acid，time，and solid-liquid ratio affect on silver carp fishbone calcium removal tests.According to the single factor experiment results，theprocess of silver carp fish bone calcium removal was optimized by the rotation design of three factors and two orthogonal．The optimal process parameters were asfollows: temperature43.3℃，concentration of hydrochloric acid5.9%，time30min，ratio of solid to liquid1:5.5，with the resulted calcium emergence rate and proteinrecovery rate reaching81.0%and70.5%, respectively．Fish bone of decalcification process (wet basis) as raw material，the degree ofhydrolysis and enzymatic liquid soluble polypeptide content as indexes，make useof two-step enzymatic preparation of silver carp collagen peptides．First，twoenzymes what they are better in enzymatic effect were selected．They were studiedon solid-to-liquid ratio，temperature，time，enzyme dosage，pH value of the impacton their enzymatic effect．According to the results of single factor test，two proteasestep-by-step process parameters of the composite enzyme solution was optimizedby orthogonal． First， selecting the protamex hydrolyze fish bones， followedcontinue to hydrolysis fish bone by Alcalase. The orthogonal optimization optimumprocess parameters as follows: pH values were7.0，9.5，enzyme dosage of2.0%，2.0%, respectively, the temperature was45℃,50℃, hydrolysis time was2h，2h，solid-to-liquid ratio is1:15． Under this condition, the degree of enzymatichydrolysis was34.1%，soluble peptide content was75.3%．Fish bone collagenpolypeptide hydrolysis liquid was separated and purified and the physical andchemical properties were analysis．Protein content of purified collagen polypeptidepowder is93.83%，the polypeptide content of molecular weight less than1000Da is92.73%，which500Da~180Da accountant for53.45%in the total．By amino acidcomposition analysis，hydroxyproline content of fish bone collagen polypeptidewas6.25percent．Using silver carp bone and calcium chloride as raw materials，chelating rate andcalcium content as indexes，the collagen polypeptide chelated calcium was preparedand the effects of temperature, mass ratio，time，and pH on the rate of chelation andthe content of chelated calcium were studied． According to the single factorexperiment results，the process of collagen peptide chelating calcium was optimizedby the rotation design of four factors and two orthogonals．The optimal processparameters were as following: temperature42℃, duration38min，mass ratio of fishbone collagen polypeptide to calcium chloride2.1:1，pH value6.8，with the resultedchelation rate and calcium content of chelate reaching80.4%and12.1%,respectively．The freeze-dried sample’s structure of collagen polypeptide chelated calciumwas characterized and analytical by Flourier Transform Infrared Spectrum (FT-IR)，Ultraviolet Spectrum (UV)， Fluorescence Spectrum and Differential ScanningCalorimetry (DSC) and did an multiplication culture test with the293Ad5+human kidney cells at the same time．The result showed that the nitrogen atom of an aminogroup and the oxygen atoms of a carboxyl have been synthesized and integratedwith the calcium ions by coordinated bond．The Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC) curve showed that collagen polypeptide chelated calcium is more stable thanthe collagen polypeptide．While the MTT reduction assay was used to reflect theproliferation of293Ad5+human kidney cells which had been cultured by severaldifferent collagen polypeptides chelated calcium doses in24hours，the resultshowed that the collagen polypeptide chelated calcium product promote theproliferation and survival of293Ad5+human kidney cells at a certain level．And itpromoted multiplication of the cell．...