Removal Of Iron, Manganese And Ammonia From Groundwater Of Northest Small Towns

Groundwater is an important drinking water source for urban and rural life. Withthe development of industry and agriculture, the groundwater in many areas iscontaminated to some degree, which will be a threat to the safety of drinking waterand the health of residents. Nowadays, the phenomenon of excessive iron, manganese,ammonia in groundwater is very common in Northeast China. Long-term exposure tothe groundwater with high concentration of iron, manganese, and ammonia will makepeople loss appetite, vomit, etc. At the same time, it brings a lot of inconvenience topeople’s daily life and production. Therefore, the treatments of the high concentrationof iron, manganese, ammonia in groundwater play a vital role in the safety of drinkingwater in Northeast regions.This article is based on the project in the National Technology Support Program"Twelfth Five" which is "Safety technology integration and demonstration of drinkingwater in northeast cold town areas ". According to the economic and climate inNortheast regions, the treatment using light-weight ceramsite, river sand as rawmaterial, the chemical modification sand has some advantages of no starting time,hard wear and good effect of the removal of iron and manganese. Through theresearch process of lab test-pilot test confirmation, investigate input and outputconcentration of the iron, manganese and ammonia in the treated water, explore anddetermine the optimum parameters in operation. Ultimately, reduce the concentrationof iron, manganese and ammonia in drinking water and provide technical reference tosolve the safety issues of rural drinking water in northeast alpine region. Meanwhile,taking the economic conditions in the Northeast regions into consideration, the waterfilter used in this paper has an economic advantage compared to the traditionalmanganese sand filter which makes the demonstration projects more practical in thisregion.The main research results of this paper:1. River sand is modified in large scale,250kg modified sand can be made everytime,750kg modified sand can be made every day. Compared with manganese sand,modified sand can reduce17.00%on the economic costs.2. In the test with700mm height filling layer, the optimum operation parameters for the removal of the iron and manganese are as follows: the rate of flow is35mL/min, pH stay in the level of7.2-7.3, DO stay in the level of10mg/L, anti-flushingcycle is12h; the backwash time is5min.3. After the debugging, the effect on the reduction of iron, manganese is good atthe starting point of pilot test. The removal rate of iron is100%; the removal rate ofmanganese ion is about85%while the removal rate of ammonia is only8%. After3months of continuous operation, the ammonia concentration begin to decrease. After5months of continuous running, the results showed that no iron is detected from theeffluent water, the concentration of ammonia is less than0.5mg/L, and theconcentration of manganese is less than0.1mg/L. Since then, the effluent watermaintains safe and stable.4. Pilot test operate three times a day and supply the water at morning, noon andevening1h each time. Anti-flushing cycle is7d; the backwash time is9min.5. After16SrDNA identify, there are bacteria in the mature filter material whichcan remove ammonia from water: sphingomonas, novosphingobium, nitrosospiraand manganese-oxidizing bacteria: hyphomicrobium.6. Iron removal relies on chemical action, manganese removal relies on chemicalaction and bio-reaction, chemical action plays a major role, ammonia removal relieson bio-reaction only.