The Historical Geography Study Of Shan Dong Merchant's Commercial Activities In Northern Area

The Ming dynasty, China's economy has been significantly developed, commercial rendering a thriving scene. Leading role as a commercial activity of merchants, became the focus of today's economic history research. According to Mr. Fan jinmin research, the latest in the late Ming dynasty, Shandong merchants'Group has been formed.The Qing dynasty, Shandong merchants' commercial activity area is a great extension. The eastern coastal regions, North and South, white on black or even inland of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Sichuan region has left a Shantung commercial footprint, while the North is the core of the Shandong merchants trading activities.North business district includes Beijing-Tianjin district, northeast of the district and Shandong business district. In each business area, it can be divided into small business areas, such as the Beijing-Tianjin business area including downtown Beijing, Tianjin and commerce, Xi'an and commerce, North business district includes Shenyang business area, Jilin and Heilongjiang downtown business district, in Shandong and business areas including the Shandong business area and Henan business area.Beijing-Tianjin-business district is the core of the Shandong merchants trading activities extended areas, since the Sun zhi reign, Zhaoyuan businessmen starts in Beijing's business activities. Since then, Huangxian, Laiyang, Wen Deng, Haifeng, Changyi, ye xian, Qixia and other places of merchants also began in the capital's commercial activities. The main business of the Shandong merchants in the restaurant, foreign goods shop, silk shops, food stores, cloth, and human life closely related industry, its size and economic strength allows the Shandong people can antagonize Shanxi merchants. In Tianjin, the main business of Shandong silk merchants, restaurants, tea, leather goods, shipping lines, etc., but the main body of Shandong merchants is Ji Ning businessman. In 19th century, Deng Zhou, Lai Zhou, Green Island businessmen began commercial operation in Tianjin, but its main operation is restaurants, food industry, inns and other. Tianjin, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, is also the place for businessmen. Whether in literary works, or the Annals has on the Shandong merchants in Shaanxi, Shanxi, and other places of business records. In order to facilitate mutual legal assistance, Shandong merchants build most of the club in the local area.North business district is Shandong merchants trading activities extended to the second important area, including the northeastern Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang province, etc. Ming, Shandong merchants begins in the northeast of commercial operations. Shandong merchants in the northeast region of the expansion of trade, is consistent with the Northeast regional development. Shandong merchants doing business in the Northeast, the first in Liaoning Province, then gradually expanded to Jilin and Heilongjiang, and even reached Russia, Siberia. This commercial activity rendered out from South to North, the situation of gradual but line. Trades from the point of view, the main business of Shandong merchants is oil mill, pot roast, grain stack and grocery industries, these industries are at an important pillar of the city's economic life. Shandong merchants in the northeast of commercial activity, is accompanied by emigration, development and prosperity. Shandong merchants doing business in the Northeast can be divided into two types:One is, Shandong local businessman, by land or sea to the northeast; a migration to the northeast, reclamation, domestic helpers, helpers farming, gradually money, and then engaged in business activities.As Shandong and business areas form part of Henan, due to Shandong, also became the third important area of the Shandong merchants trading activities extension. Shandong merchants in the business of Henan, mainly concentrated in Kaifeng, Luoyang, Zhengzhou, etc in several cities. But the Shandong merchants in business, not confined to a single business area, but as the business activities of changes in the merchandise trade between the various regions.Through Shandong merchants trading activities of the North,it can draw two conclusions of the following:First, the emergence of Shandong merchants is the relationship between human and harmonious development of the region. Expansion of commercial activities in Shandong merchants, the first is the natural environment, the natural environment including the Shandong undue geographical conditions, regional location, natural resources. Second, human factors, including the historical background of Shandong merchants, culture and soil. In the specific area, the natural environment to human production activities by offering a wide range of conditions to become the possibility of regional economic development, while at the same time, the area of human factors and human activities to adapt to the environment, the ability to change nature has become the regional economic development's another possibilities.Second, the geographical zone factors in Shandong merchants trading activities plays an important role. Geographical region plays a major role of comparative advantage. These advantages are mainly resources and location advantages, Shandong,-Beijing and Tianjin regions in the commercial business expansion by the major or regional advantages, while the expansion of commercial areas in the northeast is the use of resources. The geographical zone is not the determine factors of Shandoong merchants'commercial expansion, but is should be focude on.