| Since 2003, China has become the largest iron ore importer in the world. The rapid development of China's steel industry increased the demand of iron ore resources. However, because of the relative lack of iron ore resource, a big part of iron ore were bought from foreign countries, the trade dependence of iron ore increased year after year. At the same time, the international iron ore price continued to rise, it increased the cost of China's steel industry and had a negative impact on the rapid fine development of China's steel industry and the national economy. At the beginning of 2010, world three big miners—CVRD, BHP Billiton and Anglo-Australian mining company Rio Tinto proposed to increase the iron ore price about 80%-90%, the very action made the iron ore trade problem become the focus among the academics as well as the whole country again. Steel is the necessary resources in the economic development. Sustainable supply of iron ore resources is one of the most important foundations in the development of social economy. Although China has become the world largest importer of iron ore, it had little right on setting iron ore price. We are the passive recipients of the international iron ore price. This situation absolutely didn't match with China's trade status and economic interests, In international trade, the price is an important part which can reflected the trade interests. Who owns the right of setting the price, who can owns the active status during the trade. Therefore, the research on the China's iron ore trade problem at the present stage has a great theoretical and practical value.This thesis is based on the present situation of China's iron ore market and production. It discovered the problems and solved the problems by analyzing the external environment and the internal environment of China's iron ore trade and offered some countermeasures to the leaders in China. All of the first, this thesis analyzed the external iron ore trade environment, it found out the monopoly of the world iron ore supply and the imbalance of the world iron ore demand, and thus this lead to the irrational international iron ore pricing mechanism. Secondly, the thesis analyzed, the internal environment, which is the domestic iron ore trade situation with large number of data and charts. It talked about the possible supply border of domestic iron ore, the trend of importing and demanding the iron ore in details. It also talked about the situation which we have little right on setting the price of the iron ore. Iron and steel industry is the "food" of a country's industrial economy and the foundation of a national economic development. So the fourth part of this thesis stated the important status of the steel industry in our national economy and the association and influence between the iron ore trade and the steel industry. It also revealed the contribution of the steel industry to national employment rate and energy consumption to the environment in order to clarify that the steel industry had made an outstanding contributions to the national economy; however, there were also many problems. Finally, considering the observations and recommendations raised by domestic and foreign experts and scholars on the iron ore trade problems, we took the good and abandoned the bad, analyzed China's specific situation; at last we raised some specific measures. That is, we should increase the use of domestic iron ore resource, using a number of advanced mining technology, make full use of low-grade iron ore. We should implement multiple investment mechanism, continued to increase the investment on geological prospecting industry economic, technological and human resources, increase the new reserves of the iron ore resources, and improve the assurance of iron ore resources. We should properly control the scales of the domestic iron and industry, scrap steel as raw materials in order to vigorously develop "green" technology, reduce energy consumption, and conserve the resources. At the same time we should adequately control the scale of domestic steel, avoid duplication and promote coordination and development of domestic steel industry, to ensure the safety and smooth running of our national economy.If we wanted to achieve the circular economy model on the development of iron ore resources, we must start the process of mining and mineral separation at the same time, pay attention to the rational and effective exploitation of resources, and focus on the emission of substances to be effectively used, timely carry out ecological restoration and mine reclamation work, develop domestic iron ore exploration, production, upgrade the mineral separation, invest the foreign mine. From the iron ore industry perspective, we should integrate the domestic steel enterprises, upgrade the industrial structure, regulate the import action of steel enterprise and foreign trade, reduce too much import of the companies, fully utilize the large number of iron ore saved in the port to reduce the demand of iron ore from foreign country. From the perspective of iron ore trade, we need to support domestic enterprises to strengthen cooperation with foreign mining enterprise and use the method such as wholly owned and joint venture, cooperation, purchase of mineral resources, etc., to establish raw material production factory and supply base overseas, open up not only the domestic market but also the foreign markets; establish a sustainable comprehensive global supply system with multi-channel security. At the same time, the main steel companies in China should also appropriate to strengthen cooperation with India's iron ore enterprises. On this basis, after years of practice, the global iron ore seaborne trade has formed a set of international conventions and rules of conduct. We should give full play to China who is the world's largest iron ore importer in order to improve the right in international negotiation. In the future China must be a powerful country in the world iron ore trade market. |
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