Study On Assessment Of Weather Disaster Losses Of Grain Planting Insurance In China

Grain planting insurance is the important part of agricultural insurance, it is an important measure to strength the anti-risk capability of grain planting and promote the development of agricultural production, and it is also an important guarantee to reduce the disaster rescuing pressure of government and protect farmers'basic life. From 2004 to 2010, the central number 1 document has proposed to establish policy-oriented agricultural insurance, expand the experiment area of policy-oriented agricultural insurance and promote the policy-oriented agricultural insurance steadily. In 2008, the Ministry of Finance promulgated"the managing methods of the premium of central government's crops planting insurance"(the 26^th document in 2008), it provides the system security to our country's grain planting insurance. Under the support of central government's policy and finance, our country's agricultural insurance, especially the policy-oriented grain planting insurance achieved a fast development.Because of the technique and some other reasons, grain planting insurance has some insuperable difficulties during its management, and it restrict the spread and development of our country's crop planting insurance, the assessment of the meteorological disasters to agriculture is one of these difficulties. At present, the assessment of meteorological disasters to crops is still lack of objective and scientific quantitative methods, and the quantitative analysis and the abilities of dynamic assessment to the meteorological disasters for crops planting are also not enough. Therefore, how to assess the damages to crops planting exactly and timely is the object and core problem of this paper.Based on previous scholars'study, and following the studying approach of"posing questions-analyzing questions-solving questions", by studying the assessment to meteorological disasters to corps planting, this paper tries to find the methods to assess the damages to corps planting by meteorological disasters to reduce the operating cost of corps planting insurance, and promote the development of our country's corps planting insurance. By analyzing and study, this paper mainly approaches the following conclusions.Ⅰ.The difficulties of assessing the damages to corps planting causing by meteorological disasters are the important factor to restrain the development of our country'corps planting insurance and the difficulties is mainly as the followings.1 the lack of specialized assessing talents and advanced damage assessing techniques; 2 the responsibilities of meteorological disasters is difficult to clarify, and the assessment of damages is difficult; 3 the claim procedure is complex and cost a large number of manpower, material resources and finance; 4 the ethical risk and adverse selection are difficult to control.Ⅱ. By comparison, this paper approaches three methods to assess the damages to corps planting causing by meteorological disasters.1 Construct the assessing model of damages to agriculture. The crop model could represent the process of crops'growth and the relations between environment, and it also could reflect the interaction and influences with climatic environment, so the meteorological disasters assessing model based on the crops assessing model will be applied further.2 Using advanced techniques to assess meteorological disasters. Combine the technique of GIS and ground monitor, assess the happening and development of meteorological disasters from macroscopic and microcosmic view, gradually establish the assessing system to all kinds of meteorological disasters are the important method to assess the damages causing by meteorological disasters.3 Select and construct new production of agricultural insurance. Agricultural weather index insurance is one of the innovative products, because of its contract standard extent is high, ethical risks and adverse selection are small, the cost of claims and assessment are low, therefore, it will provide our country's agricultural insurance a new and effective method.