Land Expropriation: System Implement And Policy Analysis

Land expropriation as well as the ensuing problems related to land-lose peasants have currently become a major concern of the society, which is in the process of urbanization and social transformation. In the academia, interrelated researches have weighed as much as the"Problems of Three-Agriculture", and as they are directly related to the construction of a new socialistic countryside, they have also been highly recognized by the top of the government leadership. Thus there appear more and more debates.A great many of the present researches are carried out by economists, sociologists and social-policy researchers, labeled as"counter-measure researches". Economists usually put emphasis on a macroscopical analysis of the operation mechanism of this land-expropriation system, nevertheless, sociologists concern more with the social process and outcomes of the implementation of this system, and with the interest-expression and appeal of those underprivileged. However, most of the former researches are done from a formal-system point of view. One of the outcomes is the neglect of various informal systems in the countryside to influence the land expropriation. Another is the lack of empirical analysis of implementation of the system, there especially lacks an empirical investigation of the specific operation mechanism and the real life of land-lose peasants. In addition, in these papers, most of dissensions are interpreted from the researchers themselves rather than from land-lose peasants.In view of this, based on empirical investigations in Xiamen, a special coastal economic zone, by analysing the process of land-expropriation taken in the city ever since the opening-up, this paper tries to reveal the inner operation mechanism of the land-expropriation system. The following are topics mainly dealt with in this paper:(1) This paper stresses on research of the macroscopical land-expropriation system. Macroscopical land-expropriation system is a series of system design, which includes system of land ownership change, land compensation, as well as the employment system, allocation system, and community administration system which arise from land expropriation. This paper will exlpore the impact and influences various forces may exert during land-expropriation process from the angle of system implement and policy analysis.(2) The present land-expropriation and policy implement in China is anoutcome of four rationalities interplaying. To implement the land-expropriation is not merely something that can be done with the single force of national policy, but rather it is a combination involved four players of rational forces that include the nation, local government, peasants as well as the land developers in the game.(3) Some policies and suggestions referring to reform of the land-expropriation system are brought about. The paper argues that land-expropriation system is only a segment in the whole implementing process, and that, constructions of supporting systems such as re-employment and social security for land-lose peasants seem more pivotal. Accordingly, to give full respect for the land-lose peasants is what the implement of land-expropriation system should start and stay.