The Design Of Specific Institution Of Initial Fair Distribution Based On The United Property Rights

Since reform and opening up, China's economy has achieved great achievement, which is the mainstream and shows that the policy of our party and state is wise; but there exist unfair distribution of income and the wide gap of income too, which is not conducive to social stability and the building of a harmonious society. Although there are a variety of reasons for the unfair income distribution, but the most important one is unfair initial distribution.Based in the study to the changing history of initial distribution institution of western country and China, this paper believes it is an inevitable trend for all ownerships of property rights in a firm to share firm surplus. The distribution institution on basis of share not only shows fairness, but also inspires enthusiasm and creativity of all ownerships of property rights in a firm, and enhances the vitality and competitiveness of firm.It is aimed at narrowing the income gap and alleviating the state of the unfair distribution of income and based on the requirement of the objective law that all ownerships of property rights in a firm share firm surplus is changing trends of initial distribution institution. On the basis of the united property rights, the paper designs a kind of initial distribution institution that can realize fair distribution of residual control right and residual demand right among all ownerships of property rights in a firm.Whether the initial distribution institution is reasonable, perfect and fair completely depends on whether the governance model of firm is reasonable and perfect and whether the quantization of firm surplus is fair. property rights is the basis of income distribution, the property rights institution of firm is the foundation and precondition of governance model of firm and the governance model of firm gives effective protection to the property rights institution of firm. The united property rights institution is a more perfect property rights institution, which not only includes the property rights of all elements used in the production, but also includes the property rights of organization of firm. In this property rights institution, all property rights in a firm have fully been embodied. Consequently, this paper firstly designs a kind of governance model based on the united property rights institution which allows all ownerships of property rights to participate the governance of firm, so that they make use of the governance model and the shared power to protect their own interests. The kind of governance model mainly depends on internal governance and uses external governance as supplement, which aids at efficiency and fairness. The governance model has some advantages, for example giving equal status to all ownerships of property rights in a firm and fully prompting and restricting all ownerships of property rights in a firm and so on, which lays a fair distribution of firm surplus foundation.Based on the co-governance model on basis of the united property rights institution and the principles that income and contribution is symmetry, this paper gives a fair quantization to firm surplus among all ownerships of property rights in a firm, and thereby creates the complete initial fair distribution institution.