A Study Of The Foreign Direct Investment In Northeast China

With domestic market's opening and foreign capital's entry, the Northeast China has become the main distributing area of the foreign direct investment (FDI) by its good infrastructure, its abundant heavy industry and raw material foundation, its rich resources superiority and the market potential. From 2001 to 2005, the Northeast China accumulated the FDI amounted to 29,214 million US dollars, occupied the 12% of the national accumulation. FDI has the positive promote action to the Northeast China economy's fast development in the atonement tightness of money, the alleviation employment pressure, the speeding up the upgrading of industries, the cultivating the new economic growth and the buying in cultivation high-level managerial talent. Especially since the national implementation promoting the Northeast old Industrial base strategy, the Northeast China has expanded using the FDI scale faster, but also has certain disparity between Zhejiang Delta and Beijing. Meanwhile, FDI in the Northeast China is imbalance in the profession distribution and the position distribution; it has hindered FDI to the Northeast China economic development promoter action. In the economic globalization advancement speeding up and with the central implementation promotes under the Northeast old Industrial base strategy situation, how to guide FDI in the Northeast China rational distribution, how to promote Northeast China opening to the outside world and economic growth questions to promotes the Northeast China regional economies coordinated development to have the vital significance.So far, the academic has not been clear about defines regarding foreign direct investment. Being accepted generally by the academic is International Monetary Fund (IMF)'s definition to FDI:"the investment which its enterprise manages is outside the investor's country to continue the benefit; its goal mainly lies to enterprise's management and the right to operate". Our country's definition to FDI is:"the Foreign enterprise and the Economic organization (including overseas Chinese, the Hong Kong and Macao, compatriots in Taiwan as well as our country in foreign registration's enterprise) according to our country related policy, the laws and regulations, with the spot exchange, the material object, the technology and other our country domestic launch Foreign-owned enterprises, conducts the Joint venture with Chinese and foreign investment, the Cooperative joint venture or the cooperation development resource investment together with our country domestic enterprise or the Economic organization (including foreign merchant investment yield again investment), as well as in the project total investment which authorizes by the government Department concerned the enterprise from the fund".Since the 1960s, the Western economist has carried on system's theory and the empirical analysis to FDI from the different angle, formed the monopolizing superiority theory, the product cycle theory, the internalization theory, the international production compromised theory and other classical theory. FDI as a international capital movement form, in the world economic globalization, the regional economies integration acceleration, various countries' economy relation is playing the vital role in the world economics, especially has various positive influence to the host country, not only namely draws the host country the economic growth, realizes the industrial structure optimization and the technology advancement, but also balances the international payment balance, and promotes the full employment.In recent years, the Northeast China using its good infrastructure, the abundant heavy industry and raw material foundation, the rich resources superiority and the market potential, has became the main distributed area of FDI. Although the Northeast China's FDI scale presents the trend of escalation, with long regions and other triangle, Zhejiang Delta, and Beijing comparatively speaking, still has certain disparity, it increases the scope is smaller than by far the East China's coastal areas and related province. Along with using the FDI, the Northeast China's foreign merchant investment's position distribution, the industrial distribution and the source also has the varying degree change, but the overall mentions, imbalance and the relative centralism's characteristic has not had the fundamental change. First, FDI not only presents the south region heavy in the Northeast China's position distribution is imbalanced distributes, and has the bright region centralism distributed characteristic. Next, FDI the profession which involves in the Northeast China is quite widespread, but mainly concentrates in the Industry sector, particularly manufacturing industry. Finally, Northeast China's FDI important source in countries and area as Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, US, Virgin Islands, Taiwan Province, Singapore, Germany, Britain, Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea and the US are situated the front row.Because of many kinds of factor decisions FDI in our country spatial distribution's difference. UNCTAD proposed affects the FDI position factor the analysis frame, affects the FDI position choice the host country factor to induce the investment policy factor, the economic agent and the investment expansionary action three broad headings. This article analysis frame's refinement had the research results, it will affect Northeast China FDI the position choice factor to induce into the market factor, the infrastructure factor, the cost element, gathers the factor and the policy system factor. Obtains through the analysis, the cost element, the accumulation factor, the infrastructure factor attracts FDI in the Northeast China and carries on the position choice to play the decisive effect. Although our country promotes the Northeast old Industrial base significant strategic decision to expand the Northeast China to provide the historical opportunity using the FDI scale, but the opening to the outside world degree actually was lower than the national average level, it influence Northeast China's FDI attraction.Although FDI in Northeast China economic development has played the positive promotion effect, compares with the developed area, it was still at the quite backward condition. Therefore, we should size up the situation, the positive initiative formulation corresponding policy to attract and to encourage the foreign direct investment, and to enter the Northeast China the foreign direct investment to carry on the reasonable guidance and the adjustment to play the major role for the Northeast China economic development. We should strengthen the infrastructural facilities, speed up establishing Northeast's financial service system, and we must encourage to equip the manufacturing industry foreign merchant direct investment, adjust industrial development plan primarily to enhance using the foreign direct investment quality, improve the Northeast each related industry chain link of the foreign direct investment, use Multinational corporation's technology spill-over effect, speed up the raise adaptation foreign merchant direct investment enterprise's talented person positively.