| As an advanced and normative way of transportation, the container has made a great contribution to the development of world economy since its naissance. With more imbalance of international trade in these years, the conflict between providing and demanding is becoming more and more noticeable, and shipping capacities supply exceeds demand and competition grows more and more vehement. It is surveyed that the total cost of empty container reposition in the world has exceeded 30 billion dollars, which account for 20 percent of the whole containers in transportation per year. In the various operating costs of a shipping company, container management cost has become the second largest cost only inferior to the cost of ports fee. At the same time, empty container allocation cost and container leasing cost which are highly related to the empty container allocation account for more than half of the container management cost. Since the cost of empty containers reposition is so large, the shipping companies have to lay emphasis on how to reasonably reposition empty containers in order to decrease the cost of reposition Then, the management of empty container reposition becomes one of the most important problems that urge to be solved.The structure of this thesis is as follows: First chapter: introduce the social background of the empty container allocation problem, expatiate the main cause, theory value and practical meaning of studying this problem and analyze the research status in quo of the problem. Second chapter: Mainly analysis the development of container transport and the causes of the empty containers transporting. Third chapter: Studying the cost component of the empty container transportation and the calculation method of the empty container transporting, as well as the factor of affecting the cost of empty containers transporting. Fourth chapter and fifth chapter: establish a series of stochastic linear programming models grounded on the chance-constrained programming to handle the dynamic and uncertain character of the empty container allocation problem. Giving simulations to the established models using LING09.0, validate the practical application of the model and find out the internal rules of the empty container allocation system.This article is researching from sea of the empty container reposition. Set a shipping company as the main study, it made a system description of empty container optimization distribution. First, it analyzed the characteristics of distribution system of empty shipping container transportation and the subject and objective reasons. Then, basis on the research result, it gave full consideration of main factors of empty container optimization distribution, established the empty transport containers with the characteristics of the mathematical model. Finally, through the establishment of the model, it gave a specific example of the digital simulation analysis. Which can be a reference for shipping companies from shipping containers assigned quantitative method of decision-making. Provide an effective management decision support for empty container transporting theoretical study and practice.The following are the research results and conclusion of the study:(1) Generally speaking, analysis on cost changing, the change in volume of empty containers transporting and renting are keen to maintain the basic stability. Moreover, as the cost of renting container grew to a certain extent, the impact of rental cost to the transportation is more and more weak. The container renting occurred in some ports of lacking containers. When the rental cost to change, the decision-making phase of the operation Cost also will be changes in the same direction, only to change to reflect the cost of rental letting activities with the overall cost to change and the cost of transport activities in reverse.(2) Analysis of changes in restrictions on the source of container, the empty container sources constraints limit the rental of the container strategy, which is actual in liner transportation, particularly in peak of the shipping market time, there was no container to rent. If make relaxation of container source restriction, with the increasing of container source, the empty container transportation will be reduced, a substantial increase in rental volume, and lower total cost. Which means that rental activities can really reduce the volume of empty containers transportation, and rental rates now in a lower level of circumstances, if we do not consider such issues as the return of rental, rent me more to reduce costs when the source of numerical decline, without container even the source of circumstances, no feasible solution that rental really routes operating activities must take place in the process. Thus in a container, in particular the management of empty containers in the process of transportation, rent me a reasonable strategy to use is necessary.(3) Analysis of shipping restrictions in the capacity of change, when the ship increase the capacity restrictions, the increasing of empty container transportation is not very obvious. According to this analysis this paper speculate that: restrictions on transporting the main factor is the cost of rent and transportation cost me the relative level of relations, rather than ship capacity constraints hampering the transport of containers, the cost factor is the impact of the decision and for me, rent me strategy The main factors. Rely solely on large ships, not empty containers marked improvement in transport issues.The following are originated in the thesis:(1) Making the SWOT analysis of empty container transportation, finding the best theoretical combination strategies.(2) The thesis builds dynamic models of sea-bound empty container reposition model. The aim is to minimize the cost of the reposition of empty containers. The cost includes load/unload cost and the transport cost. The model takes into account the capacity of the empty container supply of the shipping company, the requirement of the seaport and the limit to the transport of empty containers.(3) The thesis builds dynamic stochastic model of sea-carriage empty container reposition(4) Use LINGO9.0 language to testify PILP model with real data... |
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