The Descriptive Study For The Phenomenon Of Overtime In Chinese Private Company

With the rapid development of economy in China, competition among enterprises becomes more and more intense. More and more employees devoted themselves into the overtime labor force. With an increasing number of karoshi events, the serious health damage to employees caused by overtime working has aroused much public concern for the phenomenon.however, there is no research on overtime in Academic. The study will show current situation of overtime working in Chinese private enterprises. At the same time, explore the affect on employees such as psychological pressure,work——family conflict and efficiency of overtime working.The study consists of five parts: The first part is the collation and analysis of related the theory of the thesis, and bringing forward the overall research framework of this article; The second part is the method of a questionnaire survey, questionnaire mainly consist of health status,work–family conflicts and efficiency of overtime; The third part is the item testing,validity testing,and reliability testing of the questionnaire. moreover, in accordance with the test results ,the initial questionnaire was amended, then create the final questionnaire; The fourth, the differences of the value of employees to overtime between different gender,different age stages; The last part is the recommendations and evaluations to employers and employees which are based on the results of the analysis and the reasons of overtime.In this study, the sample were choosed in private enterprise'in Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,Dalian,Changchun five cities, a total of 260 valid questionnaires were collected. The results show that the proportion of workers who are working overtime is 76.15 % in private enterprises of China. The average time of overtime is 1.8 hours per an employee. However, the proportion of pay for overtime is only 34.23%.The cost which is in accordance with the《labor law》of pay for overtime is only 16.15%.In addition, employees of different gender in the value of a tendency to overtime does not exist significant differences, and there is a significant difference between the staff of different ages. In particular, the middle-aged employees do not like the overtime more than younger employees, the negative impact of overtime on work– family conflicts, health status and efficiency of overtime are also more than younger employees. Finally, based on the study results of data analysis, comments and suggestions are provided to enterprise and staff.This study integrates a variety of theories, including sociology, management science, law, political economics and other disciplines. In a comprehensive perspective to explore the phenomenon of overtime and the impact of it in China. To provide suggestions and comments to enterprise and employees.Moreover, empirical research and theoretical foundation in this study has laid the foundation for the future research, including:(l) the scope of the studyThis paper survey was conducted of employees in private enterprises. The scope of application of the questionnaire can be extended to apply to other type of enterprises, such as state-owned enterprises, public institutions, foreign-funded enterprises, joint ventures, institutions of higher learning such as the nature of the industry units.(2) Content of studyThe study is based on the status of overtime in private enterprises . Employees are classified in sex and rage of age, then compared the values of employees prefer to overtime and the impact on health status,work - family conflicts and the effect of overtime between different gender and different age groups. Based on this, future research could compare in other aspects, for example, compare the values of employees prefer to overtime and the impact on health status,work - family conflicts and the effect of overtime between different educational backgrounds. Differences in comparison of different levels can classify employees more detailed , to adapt arrange of time appropriately.On the other hand, this article focused on the samples collected in Changchun,Dalian,Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou, five large and medium-sized cities, which has a certain degree of representativeness. Sample can be collected in central and western cities in future research, which can describe the phenomenon of overtime in enterprises more comprehensively. Moreover, in accordance with the region to compare companies in different regions tend to staff the difference between the value of overtime, such as eastern coastal areas of the Northeast and the phenomenon of inter-firm comparison overtime.(3) The questionnaireThis article has developed the questionnaire which can describe the status of overtime in private enterprise. The questionnaire has passed through item analysis, validity analysis and reliability analysis, the credibility and effectiveness have been adopted to verify. The questionnaire provide a template for future research on overtime , the contents of the questionnaire can also be supplemented and amended.In short, this study was more comprehensive in theory, has shown the social phenomenon quantitatively. Researching the phenomenon of overtime which is large impacted and highly concerned systematic and scientific. Filling in the academic research gaps on overtime. In addition, this study has developed the questionnaire which can describe the status of overtime in private enterprise. compare the situation of private enterprise'overtime on employees between different gender,different age .In the study, different reasons on overtime have been classified, based on which proposing suggestions and comments for working efficiency and personal career development. Making significance ground-breaking results both academic and practical.