The Study On Transferring Of Rural Surplus Labor In China

Removing the rural surplus labor is key to the problem of "the countryside, agriculture and farmer" in China. Enhancing the transferring of the rural surplus labor is an important way of the "development of production, affluent life, civilization, cleaned village and democratic management" proposed on the fifth plenary session of the sixteenth. It's also the measure to the concept of scientific development and harmonious society. Enhancing the transferring of rural surplus labor increases agricultural productivity firstly. The statue we own more population and less land leads to the compartmentalization of the land in china. It reduces the land productivity, labor productivity and the farmer's income. So we must remove the surplus rural labor. It will reduce the labor pressure to the land, cut the relations between farmer and land and achieve the scale of land management, then improve the agricultural productivity and increase the farmer's income. Secondly, it will speed up the urbanization and promote the development of the service industry. The surplus labor provides sufficient labor resources for the development of the service industry and increases the activity and power of the service industry. The process of industrial transferring for rural labor is the process of its geographical shifting. The rural surplus labor promotes the prosperity of urban development and the urbanization in China. The transferring of rural surplus labor also increases the farmer's income and develops their vision, quality and capacity. Therefore we can say the transferring of rural surplus labor is critical to the problem of "the countryside, agriculture and farmer".The first part of this paper introduces and analysis the research purpose,the significance,the method and the content. I summary the status on the transferring of rural surplus labor from the number, the characteristic, the role, the motivation, the influence factors and the means.The second part, I introduce the Lewis model, Ranis - Fei Han model,Jorgenson model and Todaro model of the rural surplus labor theory and analyze the experience of the United States, the Britain, the Brazil and the South Korea have. I conclude that the process of the rural surplus labor transferring, the industrialization and the urbanization has remained consistent firstly. Secondly, the development of agricultural is the important conditions of the rural surplus labor. Thirdly, the industry is the core of the rural surplus labor and the service industry is the important destination of the rural surplus labor. They have great significance for the transferring of rural surplus labor in ChinaThe third part, I review and analyze the historical process of the rural surplus labor. The government has a strict control of the rural surplus labor before the reform.The transferring of rural surplus labor is at a standstill in the phase. It opens the transferring of rural surplus labor after the reform.Ⅰdivide it into the start-up phase, the development phase, the stagnation phase, the fast phase, the slow phase and the speedily transferring phase and reproduce the rural surplus labor history.The fourth part, I analyze the characteristics and difficulties of the rural surplus labor. It has the characteristics of fluctuation and "part-time job" nature. The typical geographical and industry characteristics are obvious too. It also faces the shortage of the rural surplus labor, the restricted channels and the loss of imbalance of labor supply and demand.The fifth part, I analyze the factors of the rural surplus labor detail from the economic factor which includes the agricultural productivity, the development of township enterprises, the industrialization, the urbanization and the interests of the potential difference, the institutional factor which includes the land system, the household registration system and the employment system and the farmer's own factor which includes the human capital and social capital.The sixth part, I put forward to suggestions from the adjustment of agricultural structure, the development of township enterprises, the urbanization, the development of the service industry, getting rid of the old institutional structure and improving the quality of labor.