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Study On Optimal Decision Of Commons Based On Quantum Games And Asymmetrical Information

Posted on:2011-12-14Degree:MasterType:Thesis
Country:ChinaCandidate:T T ChangFull Text:PDF
GTID:2189360308967873Subject:Control theory and control engineering
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Since the birth of cybernetics in 1940s, it has emerged as an interdisciplinary widely supported by engineering, economic management, military affairs, nature etc.. As an important branch of cybernetics, economic cybernetics aims to seek the optimality of the management decisions of individuals or business on the basis of analysis of market or clients' behaviors and the predication of price and demands, which can be considered as a decision optimality problem. The classic individual reason based Nash equilibrium tries to maximize the individual profits, according to the analysis and process of the information belonged to the external market and competitors. But the individual reason stressed by Nash equilibrium always contradicts with the collective reason and leads to the failure in fulfilling the Pareto optimality.Taking the famous case of the institutional economics, the tragedy of commons, as the background, the application of asymmetrical information theory and quantum games have been discussed in this thesis. The comparison of the equilibrium results obtained by individual reason and collective reason has shown the contradiction between the maximization of the individual profits and the society profits. In other words, the maximization of the individual does not achieve the Pareto optimality.On the basis of classic Nash equilibrium, the asymmetrical information and quantum games have been applied to realize the Pareto optimality. The introduction of asymmetrical information turns the privatization of the contracts design of the common case into an optimal control problem under principal agent frame. Furthermore, applying the maximum principle, the optimal decisions of the principals have been obtained, which can be considered as the response functions of the game competitors, and the new equilibrium is formed by the intersection of the response functions. On the other hand, the quantum model of commons case has been built to search the quantum Nash equilibrium decision As a new interdisciplinary of the information theory and economics, quantum games break the restrain of the decision states space in the classical decisions, owing to its new decision space generated by quantum coherent, uncertainty and entanglement. And the transition of entanglement leads to the movement of new Nash equilibrium point.Targeting the property issues represented by tragedy of commons, it has been validated that Pareto improvement can not be obtained by Nash equilibrium. The introduction of asymmetrical information provides the decision with a chance to reach Pareto optimality, which can be obtained by regulating the generalized profit cantors. However, the universal method for obtaining the optimal generalized profit cantor is still to be discussed. Specifically, the direction of improvement is in chaos. In the frame of quantum games, when the degree of entanglement approaches zero, the equilibrium result degenerates to the classic situation. As the degree of entanglement approaches infinite, the Nash equilibrium of the quantum game is equal to the collective reason point. That is to say, the quantum game realizes the Pareto optimality. The efficiency of asymmetrical information and quantum game applied in the decision problem is validated by the research, which provides a new approach for the conflict of individual reason and collective reason.
Keywords/Search Tags:Tragedy of commons, Asymmetrical information, Quantum games, Optimal decision
PDF Full Text Request
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