Digital Underwater Topographic Survey Applications

Underwater topographical survey is an important branch of topographical survey. The duty of underwater topographical survey is hydrographic survey, sea survey, river survey, lake survey, etc. Such as harbor construction, marine traffic, offshore petroleum exploitation, sub sea exploration, marine fishing, to identify the boundaries of the sea, battle of the sea, environmental protection of water, ecological protection of rivers and lakes, planning and governance, underwater topographical survey play a important role. Along with population increasing and lack of natural resources, the people's eyes are gradually toward rivers, lakes and oceans. Therefore, the importance of underwater topographical survey will be increasingly pay the public attention.As the development of the advanced navigation and positioning, the digitized underwater topography technology, the digitized underwater topographical survey have emerged and developed rapidly. In particular, as the generation of differential GPS real-time kinematic (RTK) technology, the model of the digitized underwater topographical survey translates to "efficient, accurate, all-weather".The article systematically reviewed the development of underwater topography technology. From the principle of GPS surveying and ultrasonic depth working, the article elaborates the digitized underwater topography survey principle of "without traditional tide". It analyses measurement system's error source, the error transmitted process, the link of reduced error, and puts forward two kinds of methods which evaluate system's precision. The article illustrates practicality and advanced of underwater topography system through a large amount of chart. At the same time, through the examples, from control to operation of the topographical data that collected outside, this article does summarization and consummate. It effectively promotes underwater topography surveying technology's application, popularization and the development in China. Finally, this article has given the summary and the forecast to the new direction of current digitized underwater topography surveying technique about the application and the development.