.5000 A Bp In Western Liaoning Environmental Evolution And The People And Land Relations

Western Liaoning district in this paper includes west-north Liaoning province and one part of eastern inner Mongolia in the natural unit. It also includes some counties of Liaoning province, such as Fuxin, Zhangwu, Kangping, etc., and the eastern district of Zhaowudameng and Zhelimumeng in inner Mongolia in administration unit. This district, which is located in the agriculture-pasture interlacing zone in Northern China and located in the transitional zone of ecological system, is sensitive to globe change. Since middle-late Holocene, the cultural development in this area had suffered stagnation, and even retrogression, in the meantime, its environment was deteriorated consistently, which is interrelated to climate fluctuation and human activities.At present, Muchang peat section is the high-time-resolution geological records which reflect the environmental change and human activities of historical periods in western Liaoning district. According to the records, the authors divided 5000a B.P. environmental change into 4 calamitous courses which are 5000-4400a B.P. cold event, 2700a B.P. cold events, the large-scale agricultural development of Liao-jin dynasty and the war turmoil in Ming-qing dynasty, respectively. In addition, the environmental changes and human activities were also confirmed by the geological records and historical date in the neighboring areas. It is the environmental condition especially climatic condition that is the essential factor in the early cultural development in western Liaoning. The domiliating agriculture was prosperous in the warm period, and the simple livestock farming economy was in the low level in the cold period. 5000-4400a B.P. cold event and the cold climate in ironware age were the directive reasons that the production-economy formation was changed and culture fell behind from the new stone age to the bronze age. The violent fluctuating process of the environmental factor prevented this district from the normal evolution and development of early culture and production-economy formation.At present, the aggravated environment in this district is caused by a large scale of agricultural development in Liao-jin dynasty, consistently cold climate since Xizhou dynasty, the war turmoil in Ming-qing dynasty, and little Ice Age, etc.