Linear Optics, Quantum Optics And Quantum Information Science

Non-classical optical field is an important subject in quantum optics and quantum information because of its special properties, so the study of the generation and the property of the non-classical optical field states have stronger practical significances. Coherent state is a vital conception in physics and has significant action in laser physics and quantum optics. Coherent state is a classical optical field state relative to fine quantum meaning of the optical field. However, we can produce nonclassical optical field states using coherent state and linear optical device. The nonclassical effects of optical field, such as antibunching effect, squeezing effect and sub-Poissionian distribution are primary characters that know from classical optical field. Quantum information science, which mainly includes quantum computer and quantum communication, has increasingly evolved as a new object. The existing of quantum non-cloning theory leads to the birth of quantum cryptograph. Quantum cryptograph can in principle provide a safest communication system that is unassailable and not wiretapped. Quantum communication is an important branch of quantum information science, mostly involving quantum teleportation, quantum dense coding, quantum secret share, quantum key distribution, and so on. In 1935, Einstein, Podoscky and Rosen brought forward the famous EPR correlation. Since then the concept of quantum entanglement state was given birth to. Entanglement is one of the most striking features of quantum mechanics, and plays key pole in quantum information science. So, people pay more attention to the generation and manipulation of the quantum entanglement states. Beam splitter is a kind of linear optical device, easy and available, acting as an entangler. It can generate the nonclassical optical field state and quantum entanglement state in the output states under a certain condition. In this paper, we mainly investigate the generation of nonclassical optical field state and quantum entanglement state by beam splitter using conditional measurement. The main contents of this thesis...