Carrot Protoplasts Apoptosis And Apoptosis Concept Of Cytochrome C-induced Conditions

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a hot research topic recently, since it has significance in plant development and it correlates with adaptation of plant to environment stress as well. Some features of PCD in plants, including the changes in cell morphology and DNA degradation, are similar to those in animals. But plant cell and animal's cell have essential distinction, in process of plant apoptosis, there are many unique form changes and physiological or biochemical characters. PCD and apoptosis with wither two words are used with at present; representatives' meaning is the same. But, speaking from the concept: Apoptosis is a concept of morphology and PCD is a concept functionally. Apoptosis is an active process or a kind of physiological course, and it is a kind of passive non- physiological course to necrosis. They are the completely different course. Studied reproductive apex of the plant and organize the materials accumulated in the development course in the past on the basis of our laboratory, we also learn many new discoveries in PCD domain, study representative anatomical forms of apoptosis during experimental condition, for further understanding in concept of apoptosis and its intangibly mechanism.The carrot protoplast is treated by cytochrome c. The forms of cell nucleus , vacuole> cell membrane, with the extension of time, and the remarkable change appears: chromatin of nucleus is concentrated at first and degraded at last; combining to DAPI, there are DNA condensation and shrinkage and margination; the border between cell nucleus and vacuole, are changed and broken. Intracellular membranes are strikingly changed, playing an important role in cell apoptosis, some of noticeable changes are appeared: membrane-bounded bodies present itself and increase, tonoplast is ruptured, the form of vacuole clear away. Many parts of membrane are sunken and dissolved. Statistical data show that protoplast death rate increase clearly, with time extending or higher rate of cytochrome c, and cell apoptosis rate is about 27%. Genome DNA is fragmental in gel electrophoresis.