Crystal Polarizing Prism Laser Beam

Polarizing prisms are made by optical crystal calcite. Because the crystal calcite has good characters, such as the good optical stability, the broad range of transmission spectrum (240～2800nm), the high index of birefringence, and non-deliquescent, the polarizing prisms made by optical calcite receive broad use in the laser application technology nowadays.Along with the development of laser application technology, especially the development of the strong laser and laser using in the field of communication optics, more and more people are attracted to study on the laser beam. Except the normal single mode Guassian beam, Hermitian-Guassian beam, and Laguerre-Guassian beam, a lot of new-style beam also come up, and used in a large field, such as Hermitian-Hyperbolic cosine-Guassian beam, flat peak Guassian beam, Cosine-Gaussian beam, Ellipse-Guassian beam, and super Guassian beam et al. But almost all the beam can be gained by radical beam multiply the corresponding gene. Besides, J.Durnin bring forward Bessel beam in 1987. Because this beam light distribution is not changing with the distance changing, or change very little, that is, it has the characteristic of "diffraction-free", this attracts a lot of scholars study on it.Now, for various laser beams get across optical systems and various kinds medium, there are a lot of research findings both in theory and experiment to describe the rule of transmission and transform. And formed a suit of mature methods of study, that is, from the ABCD beam switch matrix and the ABCD law, via the Collins formula, discuss the transmission problems of the beam. But for the problems of beam transmitting through combination crystal polarizing prisms, because there is intervene in the air-gap or glue-layer of the combination polarizing prism, we should not use the Collins formula directly to solve the problem of beam transmission. Of cause, the intervene of prisms differs from the intervene in the optical resonant cavity.This paper based on the essential intervene theory, combined with the structure characteristics of various crystal polarizing prisms in common use. Embed anatomy the reflection and transmission took place at the interface of the compose partition of the prisms, Summarized the mathematical expression of various familiar prisms (including Glan-Taylor prisms, Glan-Foucault prisms, Marple-Hess prisms, Glan-Thompson Prisms, Lippich Prisms and Wollaston Prisms), for common using laser beams (including single mode Gaussian beam, Hermitian-Guassian beam, Laguerre-Guassian beam and zero-order Bessel beam), light distribution. The paper also summarized the computer emulation result of the influencing on familiar laser beams when they pass through various prisms relate on the prisms structure parameters (including prism structure angle, the thickness of glue layer and the refractive index of the medium in glue layer). Besides, we make experimentation to validate the theory analysis result of the influencing on the single mode beam when it passes through Glan-Taylor Prisms or Glan-Foucault Prisms or Marple-Hess Prisms. The result of experimentation proved the correct of theory analysis. In addition, the result of theory analysis and experimentation indicate, when the prisms structure parameters or the incidence angles on the prisms head face change, the transmission beam will oscillate, the amplitude and frequency will change too. Comparing with cementing layer prisms, the air-gap prisms present more influence on the translated beams. And among the air-gap crystal prisms, Glan-Foucault prisms present more influence than rest.The main originality of the paper is in the follow, the reflection and transmission characteristic on the interface of laser beam passing various parts of prisms are presented through analyzing for the structure of various crystal prisms. And the intervene character in prisms are educed. Finally, the mathematical expressions of the influencing on various common using laser beams light distribution passing through various familiar crystal prisms are presented. Besides, based on the mathematical expressions, we draw the figures of influence on the transmission beams changing with the prisms structure parameters. In addition, the correct of theory analysis are validated by experiment on the laser beams distribution passing through three kinds of prisms. The results indicate that the theory analysis is correct.