Polarization Effects, High Extinction Ratio, The Test System In The Photoelectric Multiplier Tube

The high extinction ratio measurement system plays an irreplaceable role in researching the nature of optical crystal materials,optical measuring devices polarizing optical performance and parameters.In order to improve the measurement accuracy of the system, we must attach importance to the study of optical properties."The research of the polarization effects of photomultiplier in the high extinction ratio measurement system" mainly carries on to study a photosource the polarization effects of photomultiplier in the high extinction ratio measurement system,and to seek an effective way to elimination the polarization effects of photomultiplier,compensate the influence of the polarization effects of photomultiplier to the measurement result.And then union the photomultiplier and the advanced computer technology to establish a set of intellectualized high extinction ratio measurement system, which test speeds quickly,data processing,gathering,and the operation automation,and also the data processing is accurate and stability.With the continual development of polarizing technology,polarizers are increasingly wide used in technical fields of fibre-optic communication,polarizing guidance,optical modulation,optoelectronic detecting and optical sensor,etc.The measurement accuracy of extinction ratio can influence measuring precision of measuring and discriminating all kinds of polarization of optical radiation by making use of polarizers,can detect and analyze polarization response of optical devices and instrument system that have the transition nature of polarized light by making use of polarizers.Therefore,accurate measurement of extinction ratio of polarizers has very important meaning for the development of modern information technology.Extinction ratio,as one of primary optical parameters of polarizers,whose measurement belongs to the field of photometry measurement of weak light signal,and is totally different from the general photometric method.In the high-precision measurement of extinction ratio,the impact of extinction ratio measurement accuracy the polarization effect of photomultiplier is an important factor which impacts the accuracy of extinction ratio measurement.Photomultiplier is an important product of photon technology device,which is a kind of optical detector with very high sensitivity and ultra-fast response time,which can be extensively used photon counting,a very weak light detection,bioluminescence research, spectrophotometer,polarimeter,colorimeter,Illuminometer,turbidimeter,scanning electron microscopy,biochemical analyzer,and other equipment.The analysis of the polarization effect of photomultiplier is a very important reference value in other areas of applications. This article altogether is divided into five chapters:The first chapter is the introduction partial,which telling of the writing background and significance.And in this part,I narrate the innovation and mostly work I did in the studying. The second chapter briefs the structure and working principle of photomultiplier,which includes the characteristic parameters,the use of methods and cautions of photomultiplier.At beginning,the third chapter introduces processing method of weak photoelectric signal in general,including correlation detection technology,sampling integral technology and photon counting technology.Then from the aspects of optical power and light frequency, it discusses the method of improving and controlling photosource stability in precision measurement,and analyzes traditional measuring method of extinction ratio—advantages and deficiencies of two-polarizers measuring technique and high extinction ratio measuring technique.After that,in accordance with the theory of weak photoelectric signal,the thesis presents an original approach to the measurement project of the polarization effects of photomultiplier based on the principle of correlation detection.In the fourth chapter,unifies the basic principle of "GXC-1 high extinction ratio measurement system",which was successfully developed by our institute and union advanced computer control technology,we carried on the consummation and optimized improvement to this measurement system.Because the photomultiplier which used by the high extinction ratio measurement system,also its polarization effects influence to the measurement result is big. People has long paid attention to the polarization effect of PMT,but the research in this area is not too much,and different models of the machines often have different polarization effects. We first carried on the experimental test to the polarization effects of CR131 photomultiplier, glanced through the work principle of photomultiplier and many polarization effects solutions. Also,has carried on the multianalysis to each kind of polarization effects control solutions and made the massive simulations computation and experiments.In order to further eliminate the influence of polarization effects to the measurement result,we aimed at the specific high extinction ratio measurement system,designed a new method,which compensates the light wave signal auto-adapted.Finally,in the foundation of polarization effects research,we made the improvement and optimization to the high extinction ratio measurement system.In the fifth chapter,we analyzed the datum processing method;the error source which the data possibly existed and the error reduce method of the designed system.The main work and the contribution of myself as the follows states:First,in the predecessor's foundation,carries on the experiment and the preliminary theoretical analysis to the polarization effects of photomultiplier which is used by the high extinction ratio measurement system.Second,carries on the preliminary theoretical analysis to the reasons and the influence of polarization effects.Third,for the first time,introduces auto-adapted compensate system to high extinction ratio measurement system and has obtained a good experimental effect.Fourth,in the predecessor's foundation,unifies the advanced computer technology,basically realizes the test and the data processing intellectualization.Both theoretic analysis and experimental measurement show that the measurement method which generally used only based on the most basic test method,therefore,the test precision problem and so on is inevitable.In this article we used the successfully improved measurement system to carry on the extinction ratio measurement to some types of polarization prism and achieved the ideal effect.