Northeast Mesozoic Hymenoptera Symphyta Can Fossils

Eastern Inner Mongolia and Western Liaoning are located in the Northeast part of China. This area is one of the most typical in the world,with well-developed continental Mesozoic sediments,yielding abundant fossil.Most motable fossils from this area are from the terrestrial Jurassic,especially in Jiulongshan Formation of Middle Jurassic and Yixian Formation of Late Jurassic,where abundant insect fossils have been discovered,providing important evident for the research of the origin and early evolution of insects.The present article is a taxonomic study of fossil Suborder Symphyta of Hymenoptera from Northeast China.Firstly,the researching history on Symphyta is provided.Secondly,the morphology and biology are reviewed.Then the origin,evolution and phylogenesis of Symphyta are discussed.At last,a taxonomic work on Mesozoic Symphyta is presented.Species of genera within Family Xyelidae,Family Xyelotomidae and Family Praesiricidae.The new genera and new species in this article are listed as followings:New genera(6):Abrotoxyela gen.nov.,Abrotoma gen.nov.,Synaptotoma gen.nov., Paradoxotoma gen.nov.Brachyoxyela gen.nov.,Rudisiricius gen.nov.New species(13):Anthoxyela orientalis sp.nov,Abrotoxyela calvata gen.et sp.nov., Abrotoxyela multiciliata gen.et sp.nov.,Brachyoxyela brevinodia gen.et sp.nov.,Brachyoxvela gracilenta gen.et sp.nov.,Xyelotoma macroclada gen.et sp.nov.,Xyelocerus diaphanus gen.et sp.nov.,Synaptotoma limi gen.et sp.nov.,Paradoxotoma tsaiae gen.et sp.nov..Abrotoma robusta gen.et sp.nov.,Rudisiricius cephalotus gen.et sp.nov.,Rudisiricius crassinodus gen.et sp.nov.,Rudisiricius celsus gen.et sp.nov.The important critical characteristics of these genera and species are described.The specimens ware examined with Laica MZ 12.5 dissecting microscope and illustrated with the aid of a drawing tube attached to microscope and the software of CorelDraw 12.0,Illustrator CS2 10.0 and Photoshop CS2 10.0.All the type specimens described here are deposited in the College of Life Science,Capital Normal University in Beijing,China.