Phylogeography Of The Qinling Area Black Chorthippus Fallax

Chorthippus aethalinus (Zubovsky) is a widespread grasshopper in north, In china which distributes in Northeast, Inner Mongolia and the Loess Highlands, as well as in Qinling. In overseas which distributes in the Siberia areas of Russia.Qinling Mountains which traverses in the central of china, is the boundary of the north and the south on the geographical location, the watershed of the Yellow River and the Changjiang River water system, intersectant converge and transitional area between the palaearctic region and oriental region. Therefore populations may have divergence on molecular which distribute in the north and south of the Qinling area, we use DNA sequencing to discuss those populations's genetic differentiation, meanwhile whether species diffusing is obstructed by Qinling Mountains. It is worth to discuss for usThis study did the sequencing of mtDNA D-loop region and rDNA ITS gene of 6 z.aethalinus populations in the Qinling Mountains. First we used Contig Express software to splice and correct obtained sequences, and used ClustalX1.83 to clip, then calculate genetic distance in MEGA4.0 and did haplotype analysis and sequencing in Dnasp4.0 and Arlequin 3.11, finally haplotypes defined by 2 genes were used to construct phylogenetic tree by distance-based method and network analysis method. Meanwhile, after standardizing the 13 characteristic data from these 6 population in the Qinling Mountains by SPSS 16.0, then clustered data by Between-group linkage method.By analyzing the DNA sequence data and morphological data, gave the following conclusions: 1. mtDNA D-loop region and rDNA ITS gene evolved more quickly, and mtDNA D-loop was faster than ITS gene. 2 genes could be used to research population genetic divergence, but they were non-coding regions, so bases' deletion and insertion were difficult to determine, if adopting 1 gene that evolved much faster and code, the conclusion might be more convincible. 2. By phylogenetic tree, haplotypes defined by 2 genes were divided into 2 clades: the south group of Qinling, the north group of Qinling, ITS gene revealed that populations staggered each other in the south of Qinling Mountains. Haplotypes network analysis revealed F population that might be older population than others. 3. Morphological data was not support the result of molecular data, molecular data was more sensitived to geographical isolation, but morphology was affected by environment. 4. According to genetic differentiation analysis among 6 populations, which suggested that geographical isolation shaped by Qinling Mountains, strapping Qinling Mountains limited gene flowing and diffusion among populations, populations had high genetic differentiation, especially more higher genetic differentiation between the north group of Qinling Mountains and the south group of Qinling Mountains. 5. According to haplotypes analysis and population genetic structure analysis, we speculated that z. aethalinus present distribution may be shaped by habitat fragmentation and modern populations colonization.