Shanghai Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory

Increasingly serious problem of global warming caused by greenhouse effect has become a constraint to global economic and social sustainable development. Under the constrains of "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change", and "Kyoto Protocol", most countries in the world actively adopted various measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.City is not only the most active region which has the highest density of human social and economic activities, but also a concentrated area of anthropogenic carbon emissions caused by high-strength energy consumption, Industrial and agricultural activities and so on. In recent years, studies of greenhouse gas emission have gradually shift from the national level to regional and city-scale level. Since Shanghai is China's largest industrial city, its energy consumption has rapidly increased with economic development, which leads to the growth of greenhouse gas emissions.Under the circumstances, after collecting and learning a mass of literature about internal and external greenhouse gas emission, this thesis makes a summary of measuring and calculating methods of greenhouse gas emission. Based on lots of research on energy use, transportation, industrial production and land use in Shanghai from 1996 to 2008, this thesis selects the main carbon sources and sinks, then set up the emission inventory of carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N2O). The results are expected to provide technical and data support when make urban carbon management strategy and help Shanghai become a low-carbon city.This thesis includes mainly the following areas:(1) With research on greenhouse gas emission inventories of typical cities and economic and social development in Shanghai from 1996 to 2008, this thesis screens out the main carbon sources, including energy consumption, steel, cement and glass production, agricultural livestock and rice cultivation, waste and wastewater treatment. Forestry, urban green space and land use change are the major carbon sinks.(2) In this study, carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N2O) emissions in Shanghai from 1996 to 2008 are calculated. The results show that greenhouse gas emissions have increased in these years, Greenhouse gas emissions in 2008 are 183.64 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, which are 61.27 million tons more than that in 1996, the average annual growth rate is about 3.51%. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important greenhouse gas in Shanghai, accounting for more than 95% of total emissions, and performs an upward trend. In the contrary, Methane (CH4)'s proportion of total emissions declined in these years. Nitrous Oxide (N2O) emissions account for the smallest proportion, and decrease significantly from 1996 to 2008.(3) The results also show that energy consumptions are the most important carbon sources in Shanghai, accounting for more than 90% of total emissions. The proportion of industrial emissions has remained at about 3.5%. Agricultural activities are the only sources which emissions perform annually reduction, waste/wastewater treatment emissions show a gradually growth from 1996 to 2008, but the proportion remained at 1.5%. Forestry, urban green space and land use change are carbon sinks, but their contribution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions decrease in these years with no obvious rule.(4) Summarized the problems faced by the process of establishing greenhouse gas emissions inventory. For example, China's current statistical system doesn't match the IPCC methods, and activity data are difficult to obtain. In the end, this thesis provides targeted suggestions in order to solve the above problems. This thesis not only hope to help build more detailed and accurate inventory of greenhouse gas emissions in the future, but also help China's estimation of greenhouse gas will be more close to international general standards.