Common Antibiotic Genotoxicity Of Venterinary Drugs On Crops

With the rapid development of aquaculture, veterinary usages increase, which are used as feed additive in the aquaculture industry. Veterinary medicine is of chemicals with biological activity, and it is meant to prevent, treat animal diseases or purposefully regulate animal physiology. It can not be fully absorbed in animal bodies, mostly existing in the form of the original drug or metabolite with animal waste into the environment and the ecosystem with the food chain, causing potential damage human health and the environment. In recent years, it has become a fierce social issue.Currently for veterinary drugs, sulfa veterinary drugs are most widely used, including sulfadiazine, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, quinolone class of veterinary drugs such as ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and norfloxacin. Also macrolide veterinary drugs are included, such as erythromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin.The study took sulfonamides, quinolones, macrolides three common veterinary medicine as experimental subjects, using corn, beans, wheat and three crops as experimental material, the use of the comet, micronucleus two test methods, the Institute of Veterinary Drug election genotoxic effects.It was found that sulfa veterinary drugs can significantly induce genotoxic effects of plants in lower concentrations, the sensitivity of different crops on the same drug in different. Under the deal with SD and SMM sensitivity three crops were: beans> corn> wheat; Similarly, under SMZ treatment, three kinds of crops sensitive to the order of: beans> wheat> corn.Sulfa veterinary drugs combined pollution under conditions of low single veterinary medicine to promote the role of the crop will disappear; and low concentrations of sulfa veterinary higher than a single compound toxicity toxicity. SMM-SMZ composite exhibited antagonism. This phenomenon may be due to SMM and SMZ derivative thereof in the same position on the benzene ring, the structure is similar to the role of veterinary drugs lead to two similar mechanism. In the exposure process, the two kinds of veterinary drugs on crop chromosome binding sites may be the same, so the emergence of competition. Effects at low concentrations(1 ~ 10 mg ? L-1), the binding site is not saturated, two veterinary drug molecules can be combined with the site, to poison crops increased, SMM-SMZ complex than a single action produced at the same concentration micronucleus rate and 10 mg ? L-1 时 micronucleus rate reaches a maximum. As the concentration continues to rise to 50 ~ 100 mg ? L-1, the cells gradually saturated DNA binding sites, two veterinary drug molecules because they can not effectively bind to DNA and can not produce more toxic effects. Therefore, SMM-SMZ complex effects of high concentrations of three kinds of crops under micronucleus rate dropped and convergence.Quinolones, macrolides veterinary drugs at higher concentrations(> 100 mg ? L-1) can also be induced micronuclei effect crops. Quinolones three kinds of crops can induce micronuclei rate maximum concentration of 600 mg ? L-1, the average maximum micronucleus rate does not exceed 22.64 ‰, the impact of three different types of quinolone exist for the same crops micronucleus rate, the extent of three kinds of DNA damage crops as bean root tip cells: wheat> corn. The extent of crop damage and three kinds of root tip cells increased with norfloxacin concentration increases.Macrolide veterinary drugs can induce 400 mg · L-1 when the crop reaches the maximum micronucleus rate and the average of the maximum value of 23.31 ‰ lower than the maximum rate of micronuclei sulfa veterinary drug exposure under 24.06 ‰, But higher than the average maximum quinolone-induced micronuclei rate 22.64 ‰, and can induce micronuclei rate maximum concentration of veterinary medicine, veterinary medicine sulfa veterinary drugs less than macrolides below the quinolone. The same concentration of erythromycin and roxithromycin differences in DNA damage to crops caused by root tip cells. By tailing rate and data comet head and tail DNA content of cells known, erythromycin, roxithromycin on three kinds of DNA damage to crops apical bean> wheat> corn, but at the same concentration for the same crops, Romania erythromycin apical cell DNA damage is greater than erythromycin.In conclusion, three different antibiotics veterinary drugs can induce micronuclei in a certain concentration effect on crop root tip cells, but there are differences among the genetic toxicity: sulfa veterinary drugs are most toxic, followed by macrolides, and quinolones veterinary drug toxicity is weakest.