| Michelia macclurei Dandy (Magnoliaceae:Michelia) is one kind of aiphyIlium, which can be used in soil improvement. It has a very wide range of uses, it can improved soil; it has fine and smooth timber structure, straight texture, easy to dry, aromatic, less craze, not become warped; it is good standing timber, commonly used as a room purlin, doors and Windows and plate, etc; The tree is beautiful, lush foliage, urban greening tree species; Its flowers have fragrance, can extract essential oil; Forest establishment has fire resistance in a certain extent, available build combat forest fires.The study optimizes 4 extracted methods of leaf essential oil from M. macclurei. Oils were extracted from different families and different organs of M. macclurei by different extraction methods. The impact of familiy and organ on the oil yield and composition were compared in this study. The results are listed as follows. (1) Hydrodistillation, ultrasonic wave-assisted steam distillation, supercritical CO2 extraction and soxhlet extraction were used to extract essential oil from M. macclurei leaves, respectively. The optimum technological conditions were obtained by orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the highest yields for hydrodistillation were obtained under extraction time 5 h, and the yields of essential oil from fresh and dry leaves were 0.327% and 0.171%, respectively; the extraction yield of ultrasonic assisted was 0.251% under the optimum conditions of extraction time 45min, extraction temperature 50℃, microwave power 200W, ultrasonic power 60 kHz; for the supercritical CO2 extraction the highest extraction rate of 3.899% was obtained under the optimum conditions of extraction pressure 20MPa, temperature 40℃, extraction time 120 min; while the extraction yield of soxhlet extraction was 0.251% under the optimum conditions of extraction time 3 h, the ratio of material to solvent volume 1:20 g/mL, temperature 85℃.The results of extraction process optimization showed that extraction time, temperature, microwave power and ultrasonic power all had a significant influence on the yield of essential oil from M. macclurei leaves extracted with ultrasonic wave-assisted steam distillation; while for supercritical CO2 extraction the influence Of extraction pressure, temperature and time on the yield of essential oil were insignificant; for soxhlet extraction, both the ratio of material to solvent volume and extraction temperature had a significant influence on the yield, but no significant changes were found in the influence of extraction time. These above Results were consistent with the results of orthogonal test.(2) Chemical components of oils from M. macclurei’s different organs were measured and analysised by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed, the main components of leaf essential oil from M. macclurei by hydrodistillation were 1-Caryophyllene (25.59%), a-Caryophyllene (8.09%), Elemol(10.16%), 1,6,10-Dodecatrien-3-ol,3,7,11-trimethyl-,(Z)-(S)-(+)-(8CI) (5.61%), Espatulenol (4.96%), Caryophyllene oxide (10.18%), Selinenol (5.42%), a-Eudesmol (7.20%) and 1,5,5-Trimethyl-6-methylenecyclohexene (4.13%); for ultrasonic assisted extraction, the main components included b-Elemen (7.24%),1-Caryophyllene (24.45%), a-Caryophyllene(7.20%), y-Elemene (4.31%), Elemol (11.00%), 1,6,10-Dodecatrien-3-ol,3,7,11-trimethyl-,(Z)-(S)-(+)-(8CI) (5.43%), Espatulenol (5.18%), Caryophyllene oxide (8.95%), Selinenol (5.40%) and a-Eudesmol (6.85%); for soxhlet extraction,1-Caryophyllene (8.88%), a-Caryophyllene (2.91%), Nerolidol 2 (2.37%), Espatulenol (2.76%), Caryophyllene oxide (6.15%), Selinenol (4.22%), a-Eudesmol (2.40%), Methyl linoleate (20.18%), Methyl hexadecanoate (10.19%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester (8.35%) and Phytol (4.83%) were the main components; while Espatulenol (2.59%), Caryophyllene oxide (3.31%), Methyl linolenate (7.13%), Methyl hexadecanoate (11.30%),9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester (6.74%), Phytol (4.08%), Octadecanoic acid,methyl ester (2.07%), Stigmasterol (5.29%), beta-Sitosterol (12.47%) and Hexadecanoic acid,4-nitrophenyl ester (21.25%) were the main components of leaf essential oil extracted by soxhlet extraction.The main components of aril essential oil from M. macclurei by hydrodistillation were p-Cymene (2.12%), (1S)-(l)-beta-Pinene (6.34%), b-Elemen (33.79%), 1-Caryophyllene (9.58%), a-Caryophyllene (3.42%), Germacrene B (15.64%), Espatulenol (7.64%) and Caryophyllene oxide (2.47%);and for ultrasonic assisted extraction, the main components were (1S)-(1)-beta-Pinene (4.40%),1-Caryophyllene (8.13%), b-Elemen (30.87%), a-Caryophyllene (2.96%), a-Selinene (2.22%), Germacrene B (15.76%), 1,5,9-Cyclododecatriene,1,5,9-trimethyl-(2.33%), Espatulenol (7.91%) and Caryophyllene oxide (2.00%); while the main components of aril oil by soxhlet extraction is Methyl hexadecanoate (22.00%),9,12-Octadecad ienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester (19.29%), Methyl linoleate (43.59%),9-Octadecenoic acid,methyl ester (2.34%) and g-Sitosterol (2.40%) were the main components of aril essential oil extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction..The main components of shell essential oil from M. macclurei by hydrodistillation included b-Elemen (6.05%),1-Caryophyllene (9.85%), 1,4,7,-Cycloundecatriene,1,5,9,9-tetramethyl-, Z,Z,Z (3.79%), Palmitic acid (6.11%), Caryophyllene oxide (27.73%) Espatulenol (13.85%),and 3,7,11,11-Tetramethyl-bicyclo[8.1.0]2,6-undecadiene (2.73%);and b-Elemen (7.04%),1-Caryophyllene (5.13%), a-Caryophyllene (2.58%), Eremophilene (4.88%),3,7,11,11-Tetramethylbic-yclo[8.1.0]2,6-undecadiene (3.22%)、Espatulenol (12.91%), Caryophyllene oxide (22.03%) and Palmitic acid (4.52%)were the main components of ultrasonic assisted extraction; while the main components of soxhlet extraction were Espatulenol (2.16%), Caryophyllene oxide (11.25%), Methyl hexadecanoate (11.49%), Methyl linoleate (10.07%),9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester (7.33%), Docosanoic acid, methylester (2.27%), Tetracosanoic acid,methyl ester (2.44%) and g-Sitosterol (7.37%).The main components of seed oil from M. macclurei by soxhlet extraction were Methyl hexadecanoate (19.88%), Linoleic acid (12.23%), Methyl linoleate (53.81%), Methyl 9-(Z)-octadecenoate (8.13%) and Octadecanoic acid,methyl ester (4.46%).(3) The components of M. macclurei oil had a significant difference among different extraction methods. Terpenoids and alcohols were the main components of M. macclurei oil extracted by hydrodistilation and ultrasonic wave-assisted steam distillation, while for soxhlet extraction and supercritical CO2 extraction acids were the main components.The oil component and yield of different M. macclurei organs were significantly different, more terpenoids were found in the essential oils of aril than in the essential oil of leaf and shell, which were extracted by hydrodistilation and ultrasonic wave-assisted steam distillation, and less alcohols were found in the aril oil; when extracted by soxhlet extraction and supercritical CO2 extraction, The oil from M. macclurei aril and seeds had more acids than oil from leaf and shell, and the first two oils had more terpenoids and alcohols.The components of oil among different Michelia macclurei Dandy families were compared. At the level of 5.01%～10% and 10.01%～20%, the components of leaf and aril essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation had significant difference, the components of shell and seed oil extracted by soxhlet extraction has significant difference at the level of 0%～1% and 1.01%～5%, and the other levels was not. So it only have some differences among the Michelia macclurei Dandy families. |
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