Lithium Ion Batteries Performance Of Three-dimensional Graphene-based Basic Hierarchical Tin Dioxide Hybrids

Porous materials created from graphene have several obvious advantages over other porous carbon materials. First, the high mechanical strength of graphene with large aspect ratio can help to enhance the stability of porous frameworks and prevent the shrinkage or collapse of the porous structures. Second, the excellent thermal and chemical stability of graphene can enable these porous materials to withstand harsh conditions. Third, the channels in these porous materials are favorable for the rapid diffusion of electrolytes, and the outstanding electrical conductivity of graphene makes it an ideal current collector for the fast transportation of charge carriers within the porous frameworks. A variety of graphene based materials have been successfully prepared and applied in lithium ion batteries (LIBs), supercapacitors, fuel cells, and solar cells.Owing to the high theoretical capacity, natural abundance, low cost and environmental friendliness, tin oxide (SnO2) is regarded as an excellent candidate for advanced LIBs anode. However, the instinct disadvantages of SnO2 such as the low electronic conductivity and the high volume variation induced by the alloying reaction with lithium inevitably retard its practical applications. Due to these properties, the three-dimensional (3D) graphene-based composites were preparated for LIBs anode materials.. The contents are as follow;Firstly, the construction of three-dimensional (3D) SnO2/graphene aerogels (SnO2/GAs) with macroporous architectures can generate an interconnected graphene network to facilitate the penetration of electrolyte, the transportation of charge carriers and the accommodation of the electrode volume changes, which is therefore an impactful strategy to gain high performance LIBs electrodes with a highly reversible capacity and excellent rate performance.Nevertheless, due to the lack of effective protection against the contact and the aggregation of the inner-plane SnO2 NPs on their macropore walls, these 3D monoliths still suffer from certain capacity fading at the ultrahigh current density.we report a novel approach to fabricating ternary hybrids with both titanium dioxide (TiO2) and SnO2 NPs. Immobilized on graphene aerogel via a mild hydrothermal assembly process. The condensed packing of TiO2 and SnO2 NPs leads to hierarchically porous structures with meso-macropores, which can effectively buffer the excessive volume change during the lithiation/delithiation process.