Chitosan Functional Materials Analysis Applications

Function and reaction of polysaccharide are most important in the pop field such as biomacromolecule materials, bimimeti chemistry, separation science, and so on. Chitosan is a linear cellulose made up of β-(1,4)linked D-glucosamine, as well as deacetylate. It is formed by the reaction of chitin deacetylate. Chitin and chistosan are attracting increased attentions as their inherent biological activities and physicochemical properties are being better understood. They are special biopolymers having biodegradability, biocompatibility, bioactivity, molecular recognition and chemical reaction functions. They are therefore interesting not only being an abundant resource but also being a novel type of functional material. They are potentially employed in various fields from waste-water treatment to biomaterial engineering. To extend their applications in aqueous medium, some reactions are available via the chemical modifications, such as deacylation, grafting reaction and crosslinking reaction. The main content and conclusion in present paper are showed as following:1. The research background, physicochemical properties, and functionalization methods of chitosan have been introduced in detail. Deacylation, grafting reaction, Shiff's reaction, crosslinking reaction, bonded silica gel reaction, and its application in separation sciences related with this thesis are reviewed.2. Chitosan, a biologic cationic polyelectrolyte, shows the excellent flocculent capability in water treatment. The flocculent mechanism of chitosan is electroneutrality principle. A series of crosslinking chitosan (CTS) supported by silianization silica gel (Sigel-NH₂) were synthesized in glyoxal. The resin product 2-(1,2-glyoxal)-imide-2-deoxidate-β-D-glucosans (Sigel-g-BifCTS), was formed via Shiff's reaction, which was of stability. The orthogonal experimental design was employed to optimize experiment conditions. The results display that the order of the reaction's effect factors followed as: reaction temperature > pH value > the ratio of chitosan and glyoxal > reaction time. The structure and properties of the CTS, Sigel-NH₂, Sigel-g-BifCTS were characterized with FTIR, and thermal analysis (TA). The adsorption capacities of the Sigel-g-BifCTS for Cd²⁺and Pb²⁺ were investigated...