Nonferrous Metals Industry Of Persistent Organic Pollutant Risk Assessment And Management Strategies

The damage of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) to the ecosystem and human is one of major problems faced to the whole world, and is gradually paid important attention by the international community in recent years. The human health risk of POPs from non-ferrous metal industry of China is studied in the paper, and the emission control measures are provided in order to make non-ferrous metal industry implement sustainable development and walk up the track with environment coordinated growth.The origination and producing mechanism of POPs in non-ferrous metal industry have been studied on basic of the relevant information. The forming condition and producing mechanism of PCDD/PCDFs in non-ferrous metal industry are given as following carbon, chlorine, proper oxygen concentration and temperature.The main formation processes of PCDD/PCDFs in non-ferrous metal industry are the high temperature gas formation process and the precursive compound composing process. Furthermore, the potential pollution sources of POPs in non-ferrous metal industry such as copper, aluminium, lead, zinc, magnesium etc, are identified among three fields of non-ferrous metal smelt, secondary production and deep processing technology.The current pollution situation of POPs in non-ferrous metal industry has been analyzed. The emission quantity of Dioxin , HCB and PCBs in 2003 , 2004 , 2005 are estimated in representative non-ferrous metal industry such as copper , aluminium , lead , zinc , magnesium and so on. The results indicate that the maximum is UP-HCB, followed with UP-PCBs and the minimum is Dioxin. The emission maximum of Dioxin is copper production and their deep processing industries. The emission maximum of UP-HCB is deep processing industries of copper. The emission maximum of UP-PCBs is secondary production of lead. Considered different harm extents of Dioxin , HCB and PCBs to people, the main emission source of UP-POPs is obtained according to the analytic hierarchy process, which conclusion is the copper industry, particularly the secondary production and their deep processing of copper. The transfer and fate of POPs are simulated using the multimedia environmental fugacity model, and the calculational methods of exposure are also investigated. The environment health risk assessment of POPs is set up here, including hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment and risk characterization.The risk management methods of POPs in non-ferrous metal producing processes are brought forward including establishing and perfecting of correlative laws and statutes system, adopting the effective reducing measures, working out risk managing planning, setting up the POPs emergency manage measure and strengthening the pertinent research. And the relevance risk control Countermeasures and risk decision-making methods are suggested. At the end, the risk administrative systems of accidental POPs pollution event are put forward.Finally, health risk assessment of POPs and risk control measures in a copper smelt enterprise are studied in the paper. Case study indicates the enterprise discharges 3217.462g of POPs every year,among which UP-HCB is maximal.The alloy and foundry process discharges the most POPs, and the secondary production of copper discharges the most Dioxin. The concentration and their distributing condition of POPs in environment are calculated through multimedia environmental fugacity model, and POPs in sediment phase, suspended phase, biologic phase are higher than others. The average individual annual chronic risk index and carcinogenic risk through inhalation and food intake are estimated by the environment health risk assessment system. The assessment result indicates the average individual annual chronic risk of HCB is 7.50×10¹¹, the individual annual risk of 3,3',4,4'-TCB is 1.57×10^-9, the individual annual risk of TCDD is 6.57×10^-9. At the same time, the control measures of POPs in the enterprise are brought forward. The application example shows the polluting actuality, the distributing condition and the human health risk tallys with that of previous studies, which proves using the quantitative method introduced in this paper to assess human health risk is elementarily feasible.