Improved Fish-shaped Phase Diagram Of Different Microemulsion Systems Of Oil Pollutants Solubilization

This thesis contains four parts. Part I. Introduction; Part II. Studies on the solubilization of alkanes and chlorocarbons in the microemulsion systems formed by alkyl polyglucoside (C12G1.46). Part III. Studies on the solubilization of chlorocarbons in the microemulsion systems formed by anionic surfactant. PartⅣ. Studies on the solubilization of chlorocarbons in the microemulsion systems formed by the composite surfactants of oleic acid and sodium oleate.Part I. IntroductionThe formation, classification and the phase inversion of microemulsion systems were introduced. Three phase diagrams: Winsor phase diagram,δ-γandε-βfishlike phase diagrams were emphasized and evaluated.The principles of surfactant solubilization and supersolubilization were introduced. The progress of surfactant solubilization using single surfactant, mixed surfactants and biosurfactant were summarized. The hydrophilic and lipophilic linkers were discussed.Part II. Studies on the solubilization of alkanes and chlorocarbons in the microemulsion systems formed by alkyl polyglucoside (C12G1.46).The phase behavior and the solubilization of microemulsion systems APG /n-butanol/ chlorocarbon/brine were studied using theε-βfishlike phase diagram.(1) For quaternary microemulsion systems of APG /n-butanol/ chlorocarbon/ water, the order of the solubilization ability is carbon tetrachloride > dichloromethane > n-hexane.(2) The solubilization ability of the microemulsion increases as the temperature rises. (3) The longer the aliphatic carbon chain of the alcohol, the larger the solubilization ability of the microemulsion. The order of the solubilization ability is 1-hexanol >1-butanol. As the carbon chain length of the alcohol increases, the mean carbon chain length of the APG and alcohol mixtures in the interfacial layer increases, so the solubilization ability increases.(4) Increasing the salt concentrations can enhance the solubilization ability of the microemulsion systems.Part III. Studies on the solubilization of chlorocarbons in the microemulsion systems formed by anionic surfactant.The solubilization of chlorocarbons in the microemulsion systems AS (SDS) / alcohol / chlorocarbon / brine was studied using theε-βfishlike phase diagram.(1) For quaternary microemulsion systems of AS (SDS) / alcohol / chlorocarbon / brine, The order of the solubilization ability is dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) ~ carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)> tetrachloroethylene (PCE) > o-dichloro-benzene.(2) With the increase in the mass fraction of NaCl in aqueous phase, the amount of alcohol (εE) used to form the single phase microemulsion decreases, and the solubilization ability of the microemulsion systems increase.(3) Temperature has little influence on the phase behavior and the solubilization ability of the microemulsions.PartⅣ. Studies on the solubilization of chlorocarbons in the microemulsion systems formed by the composite surfactants of oleic acid and sodium oleate.The solubilization of carbon tetrachloride in the microemulsion systems formed by the composite surfactants of AS and oleic acid ( sodium oleate) was studied with theε-βfishlike phase diagram.The solubilization ability of the microemulsion formed by the composite surfactants AS and oleic acid, or AS and sodium oleate is larger than that of the single surfactant microemulsion system. With the increase in the mole ratios of oleic acid ( sodium oleate) to AS, the solubilization ability increases. The solubilization ability for sodium oleate/AS system is larger than that for oleic acid /AS system.