Rear-end Accident, The Crew Neck Impact Biomechanical Response And Injury Mechanism Research

Mirror neck injury, also called whiplash, is frequently happened in low speed rear impact. The mechanism of neck injury is a very complex problem and many problems relative to it still need to be studied. The first step to study the neck injury mechanism is to analyze the dynamic biomechanics response of human neck. The objective of the present work is to study the dynamic biomechanics response of human neck in low speed rear impact, thus can have a good basis to study neck injury mechanism.The biomechanics of human neck was discussed. Neck injury was categorized based on the position of the injured structure to three types: injury to the vertebra and muscles or ligaments around, injury to facet joint or capsular ligaments around, and injury to ganglion. Neck injury mechanism of each type was explained. And the neck injury criteria and their basis were reviewed.A driver gripping the steering wheel during crush was modeled in MADYMO. The result showed it would increase the risk of neck injury.Parameters study of car seat was carried out. The response of human neck in seats with different parameters was discussed. The result showed that the head-neck kinematics was influenced to a great extent by modifying the properties of the seatback and head restraint. And the risk of neck injury could be reduced by properly choosing the seat design parametersSled tests were carried out. The movement of Hybrid_III dummy was recorded by high-speed camera. It was proved to be a good method to study this problem.