The Influence Of Different Additives On The Performance Of The Cylindrical Zinc-nickel Battery

This paper briefly reviews the history of the development and current situation of chemical power sources and the Zn-Ni battery, focusing on the characteristics, study prospects and significance, principle and structure, the problems at this stage and the way to solve those problems of the rechargeable Zn-Ni battery. The impact of the cathodes and anodes and the electrolyte of Zn-Ni batteries were incorporated with different additives or surface treatment of zinc anodes on the charge-discharge characteristics, internal resistance, discharge capacity, cycle lives, cyclic voltammetry performance, the internal pressure and the amount of electrolyte and so on were studied by constant current charge-discharge tests, cyclic voltammetry tests and anatomical analysises of batteries, and the mechanisms of the effects of the overall performance of conductive agent additive on nickel cathodes were analysisd seriously. The effects of the varying contents of addition or the constituents of the glue for surface treatment were comparative studied, and the best amount of additives and the constituents of the glue of surface coating were seeked.Through test, it is found that the polarization, internal resistance, the internal resistance of later cycles, charge-discharge utilization of batteries with zinc anodes which were added with appropriate Na₂HPO₅ were improved. And the improved of the zinc anodes which were added with 1.0%～1.5% Na₂HPO₅ should be special markedly. MgO which were added in zinc anodes can improving the polarization, internal resistance of later cycles, utilization of batteries, cycle lives of batteries. And the improved of the zinc anodes which were added with 1.0% MgO should be special markedly. Glycerin which were added in zinc anodes could markedly improve the solidification of preparing, making the zinc anodes more flexible, uniform and they are not easy to swap powder, zinc anodes which were added with≤0.3% of glycerin can markedly reduce the internal resistance of terminal circulation, improve the charge-discharge efficiency and extension the lives of the batteries. But glycerin is not suit to be added too much. 0.2%～0.3% glycerin is the most suitable to be added in zinc anodes. ZnSO₄, Zn(NO₃)₂, ZnCl₂ which were in added zinc anodes can reduce the polarization and internal resistance of early cycles to varying degrees, increaseing battery charging-discharge efficiency smally. Especially, small quantity ZnSO₄ which were added in zinc anodes can markedly slow down internal resistance increased speed of recycling process and extend battery cycle lives. Through tests, it is found that 1.0%～2.0% ZnSO₄ which were added in zinc anodes is the most suitable.Through surface treatment of zinc anodes tests, it is found that the batteries which zinc anodes were surface coated with conductive agent could markedly reduce the internal resistance and improve anodes active material utilization. Surface coating with carbon black could reduce the internal resistance and improve anodes active material utilization, promote the composites of gas in the batteries to some extent. The performance of batteries which zinc anodes were surface coated with carbon black and PTFE,CMC suspension were also very good, and more suitable to industry produce.Adding different conductivity in nickel cathodes it is found that adding more gaphite or adding appropriate CoO and nickel powder could effective reduce the polarization and internal resistance, improve anodes active material utilization. Especially, adding appropriate gaphite or nickel powde in nickel cathodes could markedly extension the lives of the batteries. Through analysis the mechanisms of effects of different conductivity additives in nickel cathodes were found that conductivity additives added in nickel cathodes could improving the current balance, the cooperation of anode electrodes, cathode electrodes and electrolyte can markedly extension the cycle lives of the batteries. Performance of Zn-Ni batteries cycling was depended on the interacting of anode electrodes, cathode electrodes and electrolyte.Through different additives were added in electrolyte, it is found that appropriate Na₂HPO₅ were added in electrolyte could effectively reduce the polarization and the internal resistance of late cycles, markedly extension the lives of the batteries. But adding too much Na₂HPO₅ in electrolytes are little impact to the batteries, adding 0.5% Na₂HPO₅ are slightly better. Adding Na₂HPO₅ in electrolytes are worse than adding in anodes. Saturated K₃[Fe(CN)₆] and K₄[Fe(CN)₆] added in electrolyte can effectively alleviate the damage to the batteries when over charge, but at the same time it also will extent the polarization and reduce the charge-discharge efficiency.