| China is rich in wild oil plants resources with 1554 kinds of species which could be used as fuel oil plants. Jatropha curcas, distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan and partial area of Guizhou, has been recognized to be the one of oil species for bio-diesel with lower cost, high oil content and quality. According to the fundamental theory of ecology, three provenances of J. curcas were collected from Yunnan and Sichuan provinces in this research by the investigation of biological characteristics and habitat of J. curcas, and tested at three sites of Jiangyin and Lianyungang, Jiangsu province; Dean, Jiangxi province respectively. Results were as follows.1. Variations of thousand seeds weight among provenances of J. curcas seeds collected in 2004 were found. The highest one was provenance from Yuanmou, Yunnan. Thousand seeds weight of it was 501.08 gram, however, the lowest one was provenance from Yanbian, Sichuan.2. The average height of three provenances of J. curca at the site of Jiangyin, Jiangsu province is 121.9cm,122.5cm,122cm respectively, the cverage collar diameter is 5.87cm,5.92cm,5.70cm respectively, the average number of branches of 1 yes old is 7.49,7.32,6.76 respectively. Inequalities of height growth trait of among J. curcas among individuals within provenance were consistent with a lower Gini coefficient, 0.06. Inequality of collar diameter trait was similar as height growth trait, however, Gini coefficient of the number of branches was larger than both that of height growth and collar diameter traits.3. The average height of three provenances of J. curca at the site of Dean, Jiangxi province is 78.05cm,105.04cm,100.16cm respectively, the cverage collar diameter is 4.15cm,4.65cm,4.60cm respectively, the average number of branches of 1 yes old is 3.6,9.8,5.8 respectively. Inequalities of height growth trait of provenance from Yuanmou, Yunnan was the largest one with the Gini coefficient of 0.232. Gini coefficient of the number of branches was larger than both that of height growth and collar diameter traits.4. The average height, collar diameter and number of branches of 1 yrs old J. curcas were 142 cm, 3.55 cm and 1.7 respectively at the site of Lianyungang, Jiangsu province. Gini coefficient of height growth, collar diameter and the number of branches were 0.116, 0.130 and 0.239 respectively.5. Results of jointed ANOVA for two sites were shown that significant differences existed between sites for height growth and collar diameter, and no significant was found for intercross effect between site and provenance. For the number of branches of J. curcas, there was no significant effect between sites, but, there was significant intercross effect between site and provenance.6. Results of yearly dynamic growth analysis were shown that the growth rates of height and collar diameter of J. curcas were pretty similar at the site of Jiangyin, Jiangsu province with a good site type. Differences were found at the site of Dean, Jiangxi province with a bad site type. Both height growth and collar diameter of J. curcas from provenance from Yuanmou, Yunnan were smaller than provenance from Yongren Yunnan and provinances from Yanbian Sichuan. provenance from Yongren Yunnan performed best on height growth and collar diameter among three provenances.7. Significant positive phenotypic correlations between height growth and collar diameter of J. curcas were found at all three sites. Correlation coefficients between height growth and collar diameter at three sites were 0.212(Jiangyin), 0.8943(Dean) and 0.754(Lianyungang)respectively. Weak positive phenotypic correlations between height growth and the number of branches; collar diameter and the number of branches of J. curcas were found at the site of Liangyungang, Jiangsu province. But, significant positive phenotypic correlations between height growth and the number of branches; collar diameter and the number of branches of J. curcas were found at the site of Dean, Jiangxi province with the correlation coefficients of 0.7656 and 0.6158 respectively.8. One yrs old seedling of J. curcas was found flowered at the sites of Jiangyin, Jiangsu province and Dean, Jiangxi province. The diameter of fruit of J. curcas was about 3cm. There was no any flower of J. curcas at the site of Liangyungang, Jiangsu province.9. J. curcas was originated from tropic zone. It was suffered lower temperature during winter when it Was introduced into northern part of sub-tropic zone. All plants of J. curcas were suffered heavy freeze injury at three sites.10. J. curcas is an excellent oil species with many characteristics like high yield, easy harvest, and high oil content and good quality. But, based on our current experiments, It's almost impossible to move its plantation zone toward northera area. The three provenances we collected were not cold tolerant. |
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