Study The Malan Good Type Of Breeding And Cultivation Techniques

Kalimeris indica is a forestry vegetable with high nutritional,medical and healthy value.In recent years wild Kalimeris indica are cultivated artifically in Jiangsu,Shanghai and Zhejiang.In order to satisfy the need of industry development,the paper based on the the present production reality and studied with wild investigation and comparison combined method,scientific research and production practice combined method,indoor observation and field experiment combined method.It mainly studied on selection of excellent Kalimeris indica type,seedling cultivation technique,different cultivation method influenced the production and effeciency,identification and control technic of Kalimeris indica stem rot disease.Three excellent types were preliminary selected from ten different types of wild Kalimeris indica in Lishui,Zhejiang province.They had high yield,disease resistance, good commercial characteristic and suitable flavor.In the fields with only weeding and no fertilization,the yields of M₄.M₁.M₈ reached 4.45.4.16.3.25 kg/m² respectively, compared to the average level 3.06 kg/m²,it was 45.42%,35.95%,6.21%higher respectively.After harvesting Kalimeris indica seeds could not be stored more than 7 months in normal temperature.With normal temperature stored Kalimeris indica seeds,the best season for sowing was 5-7 months after seeds harvesting(i.e.next spring).The average seedling growing could be reached 364plants/m².Kalimeris indica seeds germination rate could be promoted using the basical fertilization of "poultry dung + waste substrate block".It could be harvested for 11 times one year cultivating in the protective field.While cultivating in the open field,it could be harvested for 9-10 times in a year.The average harvesting time was shortened for 2-7 days in the protective field than in the open field. The leaves and stems of Kalimeris indica cultivated in the protective field were more delicate,fresh,green,less acerb,higher rate of edibility.The average yield in the protective cultivating field reached 9.12 kg/m²,79%higher than that in the open cultivated field which was 5.09 kg/m² in average.The comparison reslut of 4 cultivation base manure(including ck)showed substrate B₂(poultry dung + waste substrate block) had highest yield,annual average yield was 8.63 kg/m²,which increased 18%,23%, 58%than that of base manure B₁,B₃ and ck.The average net income in protective field was 101490 yuan/hm²,which was 2.7 times than that in the open field which was 38235yuan/hm².Among 8 treatments,the best was A₁×B₁ treatment(i.e.the combination of protective field cultivation and "poultry dung + waste substrate block "). The average yield reached 11.28 kg/m²,average net income was 130 080 yuan/hm².The rate of input and output was 1:3.3;the second was A₁×B₁ treatment(i.e.the combination of protective field cultivaiton and poultry dung),the annual yield was 9.07 kg/m², average net income was 103 080 yuan/hm².The rate of input and output was 1:3.1. Kalimeris indica stem rot disease was caused by Rhizoctonia solani Küuthu,The disease mainly appeared in low,humid season(environment),in Lishui,Zhejiang province.Kalimeris indica overground stem disease usually occurred in late October to next year April,the disease state was serious.Kalimeris indica underground stem disease occurred in May to early Oct,the state was light,the disease started at the base of stem, the infected stem base symptom was light brown,oval to long,elementary infected area were girdled with white mycelium threads(artificial cultivated fungus colony little white mycelium could be seen).About one week,stem base became brown and rot,and spread outside.When underground stem infected,it lightly caused stripped,or seriously stem rot.The young leaves of infected Kalimeris indica were light yellow and growing weak.Among 4 different chemical treatments,spraying with carbendazim 800(continus 3 times,every 6 days)had the best result to control Kalimeris indica stem rot disease, the effective rate reached 75.54%,chlorothalonil had the second disease control efficiency,effective rate was 53.82%,agricultural streptomycin and injection used penicillin sodium had the least control efficiency,disease effective rate was only 14.48 %and 11.96%.Meanwhile Kalimeris indica stem rot disease symptom,disease cycle and cotrol method were found out.To promote the Kalimeris indica stem rot disease control efficiency fundamentally,different methods should be used together like early and young prevention,rotation cultivation,ventilation and drain,more potassic and phosphatic fertilizer etc.